{"id":7546,"date":"2022-10-31T21:26:52","date_gmt":"2022-10-31T21:26:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=7546"},"modified":"2022-10-31T21:26:52","modified_gmt":"2022-10-31T21:26:52","slug":"grapevine-training-and-pruning-for-optimal-growth-and-harvest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/life\/gardening\/grapevine-training-and-pruning-for-optimal-growth-and-harvest\/","title":{"rendered":"Tunderea \u0219i modelarea vi\u021bei de vie pentru o cre\u0219tere \u0219i o recolt\u0103 optime"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tunderea \u0219i modelarea vi\u021bei de vie pentru o cre\u0219tere \u0219i o recolt\u0103 optime<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Terminologie legat\u0103 de vi\u021ba de vie<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u00cenainte de a ne ad\u00e2nci \u00een complexit\u0103\u021bile tunderii \u0219i model\u0103rii vi\u021bei de vie, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 v\u0103 familiariza\u021bi cu termenii cheie utiliza\u021bi \u00een acest context:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tulpin\u0103:<\/strong> Tulpina principal\u0103, vertical\u0103 a vi\u021bei de vie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u0103stari:<\/strong> Cre\u0219terea nou\u0103, verde pe lemn de un an, purt\u00e2nd frunze, vi\u021be \u0219i ciorchini de flori.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Corzi:<\/strong> P\u0103r\u021bile lemnoase mature ale vi\u021bei de vie care au produs fructe sau sunt capabile s\u0103 poarte fructe (corzi roditoare).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cordoane:<\/strong> \u201eBra\u021bele\u201d orizontale ale unei vi\u021be de vie care se extind din tulpin\u0103, adesea sus\u021binute de s\u00e2rm\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pinteni:<\/strong> Corzi scurte, de un an, t\u0103iate pentru a p\u0103stra doar dou\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la patru muguri, care se vor dezvolta \u00een l\u0103stari \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, \u00een corzi roditoare.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pinteni de re\u00eennoire:<\/strong> Pinteni t\u0103ia\u021bi la un singur nod pentru a genera l\u0103stari pentru corzile roditoare ale anului urm\u0103tor.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Drajoni:<\/strong> L\u0103stari care ies din partea inferioar\u0103 a tulpinii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sisteme de conducere pentru struguri<\/h3>\n\n<p>Vi\u021ba de vie poate fi modelat\u0103 folosind diverse sisteme, dar sistemul de cordon \u00eenalt este deosebit de potrivit pentru gr\u0103dinarii casnici care cultiv\u0103 struguri de mas\u0103 americani. Aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 implic\u0103:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Instalarea unui spalier cu st\u00e2lpi \u0219i s\u00e2rm\u0103 la o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de opt picioare.<\/li>\n<li>Selectarea a dou\u0103 corzi puternice, s\u0103n\u0103toase \u00een primul an \u0219i legarea lor de s\u00e2rm\u0103, c\u00e2te una \u00een fiecare direc\u021bie.<\/li>\n<li>Stabilirea unui spalier permanent \u0219i continuarea model\u0103rii vi\u021belor prin legarea de s\u00e2rm\u0103 a corzilor noi pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce se dezvolt\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2nd s\u0103 tunzi strugurii<\/h3>\n\n<p>Tunderea este crucial\u0103 pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u0219i productivitatea vi\u021bei de vie. Momentul ideal pentru tundere este \u00een timpul repausului vegetativ, de obicei \u00eentre \u00eenceputul repausului vegetativ \u0219i sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lunii februarie sau \u00eenceputul lunii martie, \u00een func\u021bie de loca\u021bia dvs. Evita\u021bi s\u0103 tunde\u021bi prea devreme, deoarece acest lucru poate \u00eempiedica vi\u021bele s\u0103 intre \u00een repaus vegetativ \u0219i s\u0103 creasc\u0103 susceptibilitatea la r\u0103nirea la frig.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum s\u0103 tunzi strugurii<\/h3>\n\n<p>Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 metode principale de tundere: tunderea corzilor \u0219i tunderea pintenilor. Tunderea corzilor este \u00een general preferat\u0103 pentru strugurii de mas\u0103 americani \u0219i implic\u0103:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00cendep\u0103rtarea drajonilor \u0219i a tuturor cre\u0219terilor de corzi, cu excep\u021bia corzilor roditoare noi de un an.<\/li>\n<li>Tunderea corzilor roditoare pentru a p\u0103stra 15 muguri (trei p\u00e2n\u0103 la cinci noduri) fiecare, cu un obiectiv de 50 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 80 de muguri pe plant\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Selectarea corzilor potrivite \u0219i t\u0103ierea lor \u00eenapoi la un singur nod pentru a crea pinteni de re\u00eennoire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sfaturi pentru o tundere de succes<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tunde\u021bi agresiv pentru a \u00eendep\u0103rta 85 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 90 la sut\u0103 din lemnul de un an.<\/li>\n<li>Ajusta\u021bi severitatea tunderii \u00een func\u021bie de vigoarea vi\u021belor de vie.<\/li>\n<li>Spa\u021bia\u021bi pintenii de re\u00eennoire uniform de-a lungul cordoanelor pentru o cre\u0219tere echilibrat\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Nu v\u0103 fie team\u0103 s\u0103 tunde\u021bi puternic; majoritatea gr\u0103dinarilor casnici tind s\u0103 tund\u0103 insuficient.<\/li>\n<li>Dac\u0103 tunde\u021bi prea mult, acorda\u021bi o \u00eengrijire suplimentar\u0103 vi\u021belor de vie asigur\u00e2nd o nutri\u021bie optim\u0103, udare \u0219i control al d\u0103un\u0103torilor \u0219i bolilor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Considerente suplimentare<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Obiceiul de cre\u0219tere al vi\u021bei de vie:<\/strong> Soiurile de struguri americani au frunzi\u0219 abundent, \u00een timp ce strugurii europeni au mai pu\u021bin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Morfologia p\u0103r\u021bii plantei:<\/strong> Corzile noi au scoar\u021b\u0103 neted\u0103, de culoare ro\u0219iatic\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la bronzat\u0103 \u0219i muguri, \u00een timp ce corzile vechi au scoar\u021b\u0103 cenu\u0219ie, p\u0103roas\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 muguri.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tehnici de tundere:<\/strong> Tunderea corzilor implic\u0103 p\u0103strarea corzilor roditoare, \u00een timp ce tunderea pintenilor se concentreaz\u0103 pe crearea pintenilor de re\u00eennoire.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gre\u0219eli comune de evitat:<\/strong> Tunderea prea devreme, tunderea insuficient\u0103 sau nespa\u021bierea corespunz\u0103toare a pintenilor de re\u00eennoire poate \u00eempiedica cre\u0219terea \u0219i productivitatea vi\u021bei de vie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Urm\u00e2nd aceste linii directoare pentru tunderea \u0219i modelarea vi\u021bei de vie, pute\u021bi stabili vi\u021be de vie s\u0103n\u0103toase \u0219i productive care vor da recolte abundente de struguri delicio\u0219i pentru anii urm\u0103tori.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tunderea \u0219i modelarea vi\u021bei de vie pentru o cre\u0219tere \u0219i o recolt\u0103 optime Terminologie legat\u0103 de vi\u021ba de vie \u00cenainte de a ne ad\u00e2nci \u00een complexit\u0103\u021bile tunderii \u0219i model\u0103rii vi\u021bei&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8813],"tags":[12032,8848,8849,12033,4762],"class_list":["post-7546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gardening","tag-grapevine-training","tag-gardening","tag-plant-care","tag-grapevine-pruning","tag-viticulture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7546","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7546"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7547,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7546\/revisions\/7547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}