{"id":842,"date":"2021-04-02T21:36:53","date_gmt":"2021-04-02T21:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=842"},"modified":"2021-04-02T21:36:53","modified_gmt":"2021-04-02T21:36:53","slug":"mary-sears-oceanographer-wwii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/science\/oceanography\/mary-sears-oceanographer-wwii\/","title":{"rendered":"Mary Sears: Oceanografa care a contribuit la victoria \u00een cel de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mary Sears: Oceanografa care a contribuit la c\u00e2\u0219tigarea celui de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tinere\u021bea \u0219i educa\u021bia<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mary Sears s-a n\u0103scut \u00een 1905 \u00een Wayland, Massachusetts. \u0218i-a dezvoltat pasiunea pentru biologia marin\u0103 de la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 fraged\u0103. \u00cen ciuda prejudec\u0103\u021bilor cu care s-a confruntat ca femeie \u00een domeniul \u0219tiin\u021bei, a ob\u021binut un doctorat \u00een zoologie \u00een 1933.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Institutul Oceanografic Woods Hole<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sears s-a al\u0103turat Institutului Oceanografic Woods Hole (WHOI) \u00een 1933. A devenit o expert\u0103 de top \u00een plancton \u0219i alte vie\u021bi marine. Cu toate acestea, ca femeie, nu i s-a permis s\u0103 navigheze pe navele de cercetare ale institu\u021biei.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial \u0219i Marina<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e2nd a izbucnit cel de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial, Sears s-a al\u0103turat Rezervei Navale a Femeilor (WAVES). A fost repartizat\u0103 la Serviciul Hidrografic, unde a analizat date oceanografice pentru Marina.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Informa\u021bii oceanografice<\/h2>\n\n<p>Echipa lui Sears de la Serviciul Hidrografic a jucat un rol crucial \u00een furnizarea de informa\u021bii oceanografice pentru opera\u021biunile amfibii. Au produs rapoarte despre maree, curen\u021bi \u0219i alte condi\u021bii oceanice care au ajutat Marina s\u0103 planifice debarc\u0103rile.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u0103t\u0103lia de la Tarawa<\/h2>\n\n<p>Lipsa de informa\u021bii oceanografice a contribuit la num\u0103rul mare de victime de la B\u0103t\u0103lia de la Tarawa din 1943. Echipa lui Sears identificase poten\u021bialul pentru maree joase \u0219i recife, dar avertismentele lor nu au fost luate \u00een considerare.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rapoartele JANIS<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sears \u0219i echipa ei au elaborat rapoartele Studiilor comune de informa\u021bii ale armatei \u0219i marinei (JANIS). Aceste rapoarte furnizau informa\u021bii oceanografice detaliate pentru \u021binte specifice, inclusiv Filipine, Mariane \u0219i Caroline.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u0103zboiul antisubmarin<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sears a jucat, de asemenea, un rol cheie \u00een r\u0103zboiul antisubmarin. A colectat \u0219i analizat date despre temperaturile oceanice \u0219i termoclina, care au ajutat Marina s\u0103 localizeze \u0219i s\u0103 urm\u0103reasc\u0103 submarinele inamice.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mo\u0219tenire<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi, Sears a continuat s\u0103 lucreze \u00een domeniul oceanografiei. A fost co-redactor fondator al Deep Sea Research \u0219i a coordonat primul Congres Interna\u021bional de Oceanografie. S-a retras de la Woods Hole \u00een 1970 \u0219i a murit \u00een 1997.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Impactul asupra Marinei<\/h2>\n\n<p>Munca lui Sears a revolu\u021bionat abordarea Marinei fa\u021b\u0103 de oceanografie \u0219i r\u0103zboiul amfibiu. Informa\u021biile sale oceanografice au ajutat Marina s\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tige campania din Pacific \u0219i s\u0103 salveze nenum\u0103rate vie\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Detalii suplimentare<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Echipa lui Sears de la Serviciul Hidrografic a fost responsabil\u0103 pentru analiza a peste 33 de subiecte oceanografice pentru fiecare regiune \u021bint\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Rapoartele JANIS acopereau o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de fenomene oceanografice, inclusiv maree, curen\u021bi, cre\u0219terea nivelului m\u0103rii \u0219i modele de valuri.<\/li>\n<li>Lucr\u0103rile lui Sears privind r\u0103zboiul antisubmarin au ajutat Marina s\u0103 dezvolte noi tactici \u0219i tehnologii pentru detectarea \u0219i urm\u0103rirea submarinelor.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen 2000, Marina SUA a botezat o nou\u0103 nav\u0103 de cercetare oceanografic\u0103, USNS Mary Sears, \u00een onoarea ei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cuvinte cheie:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Opera\u021biuni amfibii<\/li>\n<li>B\u0103t\u0103lia de la Tarawa<\/li>\n<li>Studii hidrografice<\/li>\n<li>Rapoarte JANIS<\/li>\n<li>Biologie marin\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Marin\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Informa\u021bii oceanografice<\/li>\n<li>Oceanografie<\/li>\n<li>R\u0103zboi submarin<\/li>\n<li>Maree<\/li>\n<li>Topografie subacvatic\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mary Sears: Oceanografa care a contribuit la c\u00e2\u0219tigarea celui de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial Tinere\u021bea \u0219i educa\u021bia Mary Sears s-a n\u0103scut \u00een 1905 \u00een Wayland, Massachusetts. \u0218i-a dezvoltat pasiunea pentru biologia&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2003],"tags":[56,1998,2002,99,361,211,1997,1302,1999,2001,2000],"class_list":["post-842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-oceanography","tag-world-war-ii","tag-amphibious-warfare","tag-anti-submarine-warfare","tag-lifescienceart","tag-marine-biology","tag-women-in-stem","tag-mary-sears","tag-oceanography","tag-oceanographic-intelligence","tag-janis-reports","tag-hydrographic-surveys"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=842"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/842\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":843,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/842\/revisions\/843"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}