{"id":8637,"date":"2019-07-23T15:13:24","date_gmt":"2019-07-23T15:13:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=8637"},"modified":"2019-07-23T15:13:24","modified_gmt":"2019-07-23T15:13:24","slug":"growing-and-caring-for-peas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/life\/gardening\/growing-and-caring-for-peas\/","title":{"rendered":"Cultivarea \u0219i \u00eengrijirea maz\u0103rii: ghid complet"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum s\u0103 cultiv\u0103m \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eengrijim maz\u0103rea: un ghid complet<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plantarea maz\u0103rii<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C\u00e2nd se planteaz\u0103:<\/strong> Planta\u021bi semin\u021bele de maz\u0103re direct \u00een gr\u0103din\u0103 cu 4-6 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00eenainte de ultima dat\u0103 preconizat\u0103 de \u00eenghe\u021b de prim\u0103var\u0103. Maz\u0103rea are o oarecare toleran\u021b\u0103 la \u00eenghe\u021b, dar temperaturile sc\u0103zute prelungite pot deteriora r\u0103sadurile. Pute\u021bi planta maz\u0103re \u0219i la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul verii sau toamna, cu 6-8 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00eenainte de prima dat\u0103 preconizat\u0103 de \u00eenghe\u021b de toamn\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alegerea unui loc de plantare:<\/strong> Alege\u021bi un loc \u00eensorit, cu sol bine drenat. Evita\u021bi zonele \u00een care s-a cultivat maz\u0103re recent, deoarece d\u0103un\u0103torii \u0219i bolile pot persista \u00een sol. Lua\u021bi \u00een considerare straturi de gr\u0103din\u0103 ridicate dac\u0103 ave\u021bi un drenaj slab al solului sau precipita\u021bii abundente.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Spa\u021biere, ad\u00e2ncime \u0219i suport:<\/strong> Planta\u021bi semin\u021bele la 1 inch ad\u00e2ncime \u0219i la 2 inch distan\u021b\u0103. R\u00e2ndurile trebuie s\u0103 fie distan\u021bate la cel pu\u021bin 7 inch. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi o varietate de vi\u021b\u0103 de vie, instala\u021bi st\u00e2lpi sau garduri pentru maz\u0103re \u00een momentul plant\u0103rii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00cengrijirea plantelor de maz\u0103re<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lumin\u0103:<\/strong> Maz\u0103rea prefer\u0103 soarele plin, adic\u0103 cel pu\u021bin \u0219ase ore de lumin\u0103 solar\u0103 direct\u0103 \u00een majoritatea zilelor. Poate tolera pu\u021bin\u0103 umbr\u0103, dar acest lucru poate \u00eempiedica produc\u021bia \u0219i poate afecta gustul.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sol:<\/strong> Maz\u0103rea poate cre\u0219te \u00een diverse tipuri de sol, at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t exist\u0103 un drenaj bun. Pentru cele mai bune rezultate, planta\u021bi maz\u0103rea \u00eentr-un sol argilos bogat \u00een materie organic\u0103. Un pH al solului u\u0219or acid p\u00e2n\u0103 la neutru este ideal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ap\u0103:<\/strong> Udarea corespunz\u0103toare este crucial\u0103 pentru o cultur\u0103 de maz\u0103re de succes. Men\u021bine\u021bi solul umed, dar nu \u00eembibat. Aproximativ un inch de ap\u0103 pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 fie suficient.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temperatur\u0103 \u0219i umiditate:<\/strong> Maz\u0103rea cre\u0219te cel mai bine la temperaturi moderate, \u00eentre 60 \u0219i 70 de grade Fahrenheit. Are o bun\u0103 toleran\u021b\u0103 la frig, dar are de suferit c\u00e2nd temperaturile dep\u0103\u0219esc 85 de grade Fahrenheit. Umiditatea nu este de obicei o problem\u0103, at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t sunt \u00eendeplinite nevoile de umiditate ale solului.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt:<\/strong> Maz\u0103rea de obicei nu necesit\u0103 \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt, dar este benefic s\u0103 amesteca\u021bi ni\u0219te compost \u00een sol \u00eenainte de plantare. Pute\u021bi, de asemenea, s\u0103 v\u0103 stimula\u021bi plantele cu un \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt lichid organic echilibrat, c\u00e2nd r\u0103sadurile apar pentru prima dat\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Polenizare:<\/strong> Plantele de maz\u0103re sunt auto-polenizate, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 nu necesit\u0103 plante separate de sex masculin \u0219i feminin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tipuri de maz\u0103re<\/h2>\n\n<p>Exist\u0103 multe tipuri diferite de maz\u0103re, inclusiv:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Variet\u0103\u021bi stufoase:<\/strong> Aceste maz\u0103re cresc p\u00e2n\u0103 la o dimensiune compact\u0103 \u0219i nu necesit\u0103 sprijin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Variet\u0103\u021bi de vi\u021b\u0103 de vie:<\/strong> Aceste maz\u0103re cresc pe vi\u021be lungi \u0219i necesit\u0103 structuri de sus\u021binere, cum ar fi st\u00e2lpi sau spalieri.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maz\u0103re dulce:<\/strong> Aceste maz\u0103re au semin\u021be f\u0103inoase \u0219i sunt de obicei consumate proaspete.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maz\u0103re mange-tout:<\/strong> Aceste maz\u0103re au semin\u021be mici \u0219i p\u0103st\u0103i plate, comestibile.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maz\u0103re boabe:<\/strong> Aceste maz\u0103re au semin\u021be mari \u0219i p\u0103st\u0103i suculente, comestibile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maz\u0103re vs. fasole cu ochi negri<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen ciuda faptului c\u0103 \u00eempart un nume comun, maz\u0103rea \u0219i fasolea cu ochi negri sunt specii diferite. Fasolea cu ochi negri este de fapt clasificat\u0103 drept fasole \u0219i prefer\u0103 condi\u021bii de cre\u0219tere mult mai calde dec\u00e2t maz\u0103rea.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Recoltarea maz\u0103rii<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Determinarea maturit\u0103\u021bii:<\/strong> Maz\u0103rea este gata de recoltat c\u00e2nd p\u0103st\u0103ile sunt complet formate, dar \u00eenc\u0103 nu sunt plictisitoare sau ceroase. Maz\u0103rea mange-tout este gata c\u00e2nd p\u0103st\u0103ile lor prezint\u0103 maz\u0103re mic\u0103 \u00een interior. Maz\u0103rea boabe este gata c\u00e2nd p\u0103st\u0103ile sunt pline \u0219i lucioase. Maz\u0103rea de gr\u0103din\u0103 este gata c\u00e2nd p\u0103st\u0103ile sunt complet formate, dar \u00eenc\u0103 nu sunt plictisitoare sau ceroase.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tehnica de recoltare:<\/strong> R\u0103suci\u021bi u\u0219or p\u0103st\u0103ile de pe vi\u021be cu m\u00e2inile, av\u00e2nd grij\u0103 s\u0103 nu deteriora\u021bi vi\u021ba \u0219i p\u0103st\u0103ile \u00een curs de dezvoltare. Maz\u0103rea este cel mai bine folosit\u0103 c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd posibil dup\u0103 recoltare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultivarea maz\u0103rii \u00een ghivece<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 nu ave\u021bi spa\u021biu de gr\u0103din\u0103 sau condi\u021bii adecvate ale solului, pute\u021bi cultiva maz\u0103re \u00een containere. Folosi\u021bi un ghiveci cu g\u0103uri de drenaj de cel pu\u021bin 12 inci l\u0103\u021bime \u0219i ad\u00e2ncime. Un recipient din lut neglazurat este ideal, deoarece permite evaporarea excesului de umiditate din sol prin pere\u021bii s\u0103i. \u00cencerca\u021bi s\u0103 planta\u021bi \u00eentr-un container care se va potrivi cu dimensiunea plantei mature, deoarece maz\u0103rea nu se descurc\u0103 bine atunci c\u00e2nd este transplantat\u0103. Folosi\u021bi un sol de ghiveci organic cu drenaj rapid, conceput pentru legume. Dac\u0103 cre\u0219te\u021bi o varietate de vi\u021b\u0103 de vie, asigura\u021bi o structur\u0103 de sus\u021binere.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tunderea<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tunderea nu este \u00een general necesar\u0103 pentru plantele de maz\u0103re. Cu toate acestea, pute\u021bi t\u0103ia vi\u021bele sau l\u0103starii mici pentru a-i m\u00e2nca. Au o arom\u0103 u\u0219oar\u0103 de maz\u0103re, care merge bine \u00een salate \u0219i alte feluri de m\u00e2ncare.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00cenmul\u021birea maz\u0103rii<\/h2>\n\n<p>Plantele de maz\u0103re pot fi \u00eenmul\u021bite prin salvarea semin\u021belor lor. Aceasta este o modalitate ieftin\u0103 de a produce plante noi \u0219i de a \u00eenmul\u021bi soiuri specifice. L\u0103sa\u021bi p\u0103st\u0103ile s\u0103n\u0103toase s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 pe plant\u0103 pentru a se usca. Odat\u0103 ce s-au rumenit \u0219i pute\u021bi auzi semin\u021bele zorn\u0103ind \u00een\u0103untru, r\u0103suci\u021bi p\u0103st\u0103ile pentru a le desprinde de plant\u0103. Scoate\u021bi semin\u021bele din p\u0103st\u0103i \u0219i \u00eentinde\u021bi-le pe o sit\u0103 \u00een interior pentru a se usca complet timp de c\u00e2teva zile. Depozita\u021bi semin\u021bele uscate \u00eentr-un plic marcat cu data. Ar trebui s\u0103 fie viabile c\u00e2\u021biva ani.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultivarea maz\u0103rii din semin\u021be<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cenainte de plantare, \u00eenmuia\u021bi semin\u021bele \u00een ap\u0103 cald\u0103 peste noapte pentru a le accelera germinarea. Apoi, planta\u021bi-le \u00een sol af\u00e2nat, u\u0219or umed, dar nu ud. A\u0219tepta\u021bi-v\u0103 la germinare \u00een aproximativ o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, dac\u0103 solul are 65 de grade Fahrenheit sau mai mult. Semin\u021bele pot dura p\u00e2n\u0103 la o lun\u0103 pentru a germina \u00een sol care are aproximativ 40 de grade Fahrenheit.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Iernarea<\/h2>\n\n<p>Plantele de maz\u0103re sunt anuale, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i completeaz\u0103 ciclul de via\u021b\u0103 \u00eentr-un sezon de cre\u0219tere. Prin urmare, iernarea nu este necesar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u0103un\u0103tori \u0219i boli comune<\/h2>\n\n<p>D\u0103un\u0103torii comuni care pot afecta plantele de maz\u0103re includ afidele, g\u0103rg\u0103ri\u021bele de maz\u0103re \u0219i alte insecte. M\u0103surile organice, cum ar fi lovirea insectelor cu un jet puternic de ap\u0103 sau folosirea unui s\u0103pun insecticid, pot ajuta la atenuarea problemelor cu d\u0103un\u0103torii. Plantarea \u00eenso\u021bitoare poate, de asemenea, descuraja insectele. Bolile fungice, cum ar fi ofilirea fusarium \u0219i f\u0103inarea, pot afecta \u0219i plantele de maz\u0103re. De obicei, este mai bine s\u0103 distruge\u021bi plantele afectate pentru a preveni r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea bolilor.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sfaturi suplimentare<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Practica\u021bi rota\u021bia culturilor pentru a preveni ca d\u0103un\u0103torii \u0219i bolile s\u0103 devin\u0103 probleme cronice.<\/li>\n<li>Mulci\u021bi \u00een jurul plantelor de maz\u0103re pentru a re\u021bine umiditatea solului \u0219i a suprima buruienile.<\/li>\n<li>Uda\u021bi maz\u0103rea la baza plantei pentru a evita umezirea frunzelor, ceea ce poate promova bolile.<\/li>\n<li>Dac\u0103 maz\u0103rea dvs. nu produce bine, verifica\u021bi pH-ul solului. Maz\u0103rea prefer\u0103 sol u\u0219or acid p\u00e2n\u0103 la neutru.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cum s\u0103 cultiv\u0103m \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eengrijim maz\u0103rea: un ghid complet Plantarea maz\u0103rii C\u00e2nd se planteaz\u0103: Planta\u021bi semin\u021bele de maz\u0103re direct \u00een gr\u0103din\u0103 cu 4-6 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00eenainte de ultima dat\u0103 preconizat\u0103&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8813],"tags":[99,10557,8848,10583,8973,9328],"class_list":["post-8637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gardening","tag-lifescienceart","tag-homegrown","tag-gardening","tag-peas","tag-planting","tag-harvesting"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8637"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8637\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8638,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8637\/revisions\/8638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}