{"id":865,"date":"2019-03-07T04:08:28","date_gmt":"2019-03-07T04:08:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=865"},"modified":"2019-03-07T04:08:28","modified_gmt":"2019-03-07T04:08:28","slug":"first-cookbooks-published-by-black-people-in-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/life\/food-and-drink\/first-cookbooks-published-by-black-people-in-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Primele c\u0103r\u021bi de bucate publicate de negri \u00een America"},"content":{"rendered":"

Primele c\u0103r\u021bi de bucate publicate de negri \u00een America: o fereastr\u0103 spre istorie \u0219i cultur\u0103<\/h2>\n\n

Semnifica\u021bie istoric\u0103<\/h2>\n\n

Cele mai vechi c\u0103r\u021bi de bucate publicate de autori negri \u00een America ofer\u0103 informa\u021bii nepre\u021buite despre tradi\u021biile culinare, experien\u021bele sociale \u0219i mo\u0219tenirea cultural\u0103 a afro-americanilor \u00een secolul al XIX-lea. Aceste ghiduri casnice \u0219i colec\u021bii de re\u021bete ofer\u0103 o perspectiv\u0103 asupra vie\u021bii sclavilor \u0219i a negrilor liberi, dezv\u0103luind ingeniozitatea, creativitatea \u0219i rezisten\u021ba lor.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eThe House Servant\u2019s Directory\u201d de Robert Roberts (1827)<\/h2>\n\n

Ca prima carte publicat\u0103 de un negru \u00een America, \u201eThe House Servant\u2019s Directory\u201d de Robert Roberts este mai mult dec\u00e2t o carte de bucate. Este un ghid casnic care ofer\u0103 sfaturi practice despre administrarea unei gospod\u0103rii mari, inclusiv re\u021bete pentru o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de feluri de m\u00e2ncare. Lucrarea lui Roberts reflect\u0103 abilit\u0103\u021bile \u0219i cuno\u0219tin\u021bele culinare ale afro-americanilor \u00eenrobi\u021bi, care adesea aveau responsabilitatea de a g\u0103ti pentru st\u0103p\u00e2nii lor \u0219i familiile acestora.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eHotel Keepers, Head Waiters and Housekeepers\u2019 Guide\u201d de Tunis Gulic Campbell (1848)<\/h2>\n\n

Un alt text culinar important din perioada antebelic\u0103 este ghidul pentru gospod\u0103rie al lui Tunis Gulic Campbell. Acesta include o colec\u021bie mai mare de re\u021bete dec\u00e2t cartea lui Roberts, oferind informa\u021bii despre buc\u0103t\u0103ria servit\u0103 \u00een restaurante de prim\u0103 clas\u0103 \u0219i \u00een s\u0103lile de mese ale hotelurilor. Lucrarea lui Campbell subliniaz\u0103, de asemenea, importan\u021ba abilit\u0103\u021bilor sociale interrasiale, demnitatea muncii \u0219i necesitatea educa\u021biei \u0219i dezvolt\u0103rii profesionale \u00een r\u00e2ndul lucr\u0103torilor.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eDomestic Cook Book\u201d de Malinda Russell (1866)<\/h2>\n\n

Cartea de bucate a Malindei Russell se remarc\u0103 drept cea mai veche carte de bucate cunoscut\u0103, scris\u0103 de o femeie afro-american\u0103. Redescoperit\u0103 \u00een anul 2000, aceasta const\u0103 \u00een principal din re\u021bete de deserturi, reflect\u00e2nd experien\u021ba lui Russell \u00een administrarea unei cofet\u0103rii \u00een Tennessee. Lucrarea ei contest\u0103 presupunerea c\u0103 primele c\u0103r\u021bi de bucate afro-americane reprezentau doar buc\u0103t\u0103ria servit\u0103 angajatorilor albi, deoarece include re\u021bete pentru feluri de m\u00e2ncare de care se bucurau, probabil, \u0219i afro-americanii \u00een\u0219i\u0219i.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eWhat Mrs. Fisher Knows About Old Southern Cooking\u201d de Abby Fisher (1881)<\/h2>\n\n

Cartea de bucate a lui Abby Fisher este considerat\u0103 un clasic culinar \u0219i o dovad\u0103 a spiritului antreprenorial al afro-americanilor \u00een timpul erei Reconstruc\u021biei. Fisher, o fost\u0103 sclav\u0103, a condus o afacere de succes \u00een San Francisco, iar cartea ei de bucate con\u021bine re\u021bete pentru m\u00e2nc\u0103ruri tradi\u021bionale din sud, prezent\u00e2nd tradi\u021biile culinare ale comunit\u0103\u021bii afro-americane din perioada de dup\u0103 R\u0103zboiul Civil.<\/p>\n\n

Perspective \u0219i influen\u021be culinare<\/h2>\n\n

Primele c\u0103r\u021bi de bucate ale autorilor negri dezv\u0103luie diversele perspective \u0219i influen\u021be culinare care au modelat buc\u0103t\u0103ria afro-american\u0103 \u00een secolul al XIX-lea. \u00cen timp ce unele re\u021bete reflect\u0103 tradi\u021biile culinare ale gospod\u0103riilor albe, altele prezint\u0103 aromele \u0219i ingredientele unice pe care afro-americanii le-au adus \u00een buc\u0103t\u0103riile americane. De exemplu, folosirea de okra, cartofi dulci \u0219i melas\u0103 de sorg sunt caracteristici comune \u00een multe dintre aceste re\u021bete.<\/p>\n\n

Factori sociali \u0219i economici<\/h2>\n\n

C\u0103r\u021bile de bucate, de asemenea, fac lumin\u0103 asupra factorilor sociali \u0219i economici care au influen\u021bat dezvoltarea buc\u0103t\u0103riei afro-americane. Afro-americanii \u00eenrobi\u021bi aveau adesea acces limitat la ingrediente proaspete \u0219i erau nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 se bazeze pe orice era disponibil la planta\u021bie. Negrii liberi, pe de alt\u0103 parte, aveau mai multe oportunit\u0103\u021bi de a experimenta diferite buc\u0103t\u0103rii \u0219i de a \u00eencorpora ingrediente din propriul lor patrimoniu cultural.<\/p>\n\n

Mo\u0219tenire \u0219i impact<\/h2>\n\n

Primele c\u0103r\u021bi de bucate publicate de negri \u00een America au l\u0103sat o mo\u0219tenire durabil\u0103 \u00een istoria \u0219i cultura culinar\u0103 american\u0103. Acestea ofer\u0103 o \u00eenregistrare valoroas\u0103 a abilit\u0103\u021bilor culinare, tradi\u021biilor \u0219i rezisten\u021bei afro-americanilor \u0219i continu\u0103 s\u0103 inspire \u0219i s\u0103 informeze buc\u0103tarii \u0219i istoricii culinari contemporani. \u00cen\u021beleg\u00e2nd originile \u0219i evolu\u021bia buc\u0103t\u0103riei afro-americane, dob\u00e2ndim o apreciere mai profund\u0103 pentru bog\u0103\u021bia \u0219i diversitatea peisajului culinar american.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Primele c\u0103r\u021bi de bucate publicate de negri \u00een America: o fereastr\u0103 spre istorie \u0219i cultur\u0103 Semnifica\u021bie istoric\u0103 Cele mai vechi c\u0103r\u021bi de bucate publicate de autori negri \u00een America ofer\u0103…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[99,2064,126,2063,1080,347,621,1434],"class_list":["post-865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-food-and-drink","tag-lifescienceart","tag-southern-cuisine","tag-cookbooks","tag-historical-recipes","tag-african-american-history","tag-food-history","tag-culinary-history","tag-black-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=865"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/865\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":866,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/865\/revisions\/866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}