Antik M\u0131s\u0131r kenti Athribis’i kaz\u0131yan arkeologlar, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir ke\u015fif yapt\u0131lar: 18.000’den fazla ostraka, yani \u015fehrin sakinleri i\u00e7in “defter” g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren, \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lar yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek par\u00e7alar\u0131. Al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f listelerinden ticaret kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ve okul \u00f6devlerine kadar uzanan bu par\u00e7alar, yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Athribis’te ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famlar\u0131na benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 sunuyor.<\/p>\n\n
Rumcada “ostraca” olarak bilinen ostraka, eski M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n geleneksel yaz\u0131 malzemesi olan papir\u00fcse daha ucuz bir alternatifti. Par\u00e7alar\u0131 yazmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131c\u0131lar bir kam\u0131\u015f veya i\u00e7i bo\u015f bir \u00e7ubu\u011fu m\u00fcrekkebe bat\u0131r\u0131p mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek y\u00fczeyine kaz\u0131d\u0131lar. Athribis’te ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ostrakalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu yaz\u0131 i\u00e7erirken, ekip ayr\u0131ca hayvanlar\u0131, insanlar\u0131, geometrik \u015fekilleri ve tanr\u0131lar\u0131 tasvir eden resimli ostrakalar da ke\u015ffetti.<\/p>\n\n
Ostrakalar, eski M\u0131s\u0131r ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nleri hakk\u0131nda zengin bilgiler sunuyor. Bu\u011fday, ekmek ve di\u011fer erzaklar\u0131n sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f listelerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kararak \u015fehir sakinlerinin ekonomik faaliyetlerini ve beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyorlar. Ticaret kay\u0131tlar\u0131, mallar ve hizmetlerle ilgili i\u015flemleri belgelemekte ve Athribis i\u00e7inde var olan ticari a\u011flar\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n
\u00d6nemli say\u0131da ostraka, eski bir okulla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Y\u00fczden fazlas\u0131nda, hem \u00f6n hem de arka tarafta tekrarlayan yaz\u0131lar var. Bu, yaramazl\u0131k yapan \u00f6\u011frencilerin ceza olarak sat\u0131r yazmaya zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz okullar\u0131nda hala kullan\u0131lan bir uygulama oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Di\u011fer ostrakalar ise dil bilgisi al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, aritmetik problemleri ve hatta her harfe ismi o harfle ba\u015flayan bir ku\u015fun atand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir “ku\u015f alfabesi” i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n\n
Ostrakalar ayr\u0131ca Athribis’in \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc tarihini yans\u0131t\u0131yor. Par\u00e7alar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %80’i, Kleopatra’n\u0131n babas\u0131 Ptolemy XII’nin saltanat\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan idari bir yaz\u0131 bi\u00e7imi olan demotik olarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Yunanca, hiyeroglifler, hiyeratik, Arap\u00e7a ve K\u0131ptice (Yunan alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lan bir M\u0131s\u0131r leh\u00e7esi) de ortaya \u00e7\u0131karak \u015fehri \u015fekillendiren \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkileri g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n
Bu ostrakalar\u0131n ke\u015ffi, eski M\u0131s\u0131r toplumunu anlamam\u0131z\u0131 geli\u015ftirecek \u00f6nemli bir arkeolojik at\u0131l\u0131md\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar metinleri inceleyerek Athribis halk\u0131n\u0131n ekonomisi, ticareti, e\u011fitimi ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ge\u00e7 Ptolemaik ve erken Roma d\u00f6nemlerine ait bilgiler edinmeyi umuyorlar.<\/p>\n\n
Ostrakalar, ana kaz\u0131 alan\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda, “merdivenleri ve tonozlar\u0131 olan \u00e7ok katl\u0131 binalar” serisinin yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulundu. Bu ke\u015fiften \u00f6nce, M\u0131s\u0131r’da bulunan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir tek ostraka koleksiyonu, Krallar Vadisi yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki i\u015f\u00e7i yerle\u015fimi Deir el-Medineh’de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir t\u0131bbi yaz\u0131 \u00f6nbelle\u011fiydi.<\/p>\n\n
M\u0131s\u0131r Eski Eserler Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Eski Eserler Konseyi Genel Sekreteri Mostafa Waziri’ye g\u00f6re, ostrakalar\u0131n ke\u015ffi “\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli”, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Athribis’teki ekonomi ve ticareti tarih boyunca ayd\u0131nlat\u0131yor. “Metinler, bu\u011fday ve ekmek gibi erzak al\u0131p satan b\u00f6lge sakinlerinin mali i\u015flemlerini ortaya koyuyor” dedi.<\/p>\n\n
Athribis ostrakalar\u0131, eski M\u0131s\u0131r ya\u015fam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda e\u015fsiz ve paha bi\u00e7ilmez bir bilgi kayna\u011f\u0131 sunuyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek, canl\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli bir antik kentin g\u00fcnl\u00fck deneyimlerini, ekonomik faaliyetlerini ve e\u011fitim uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rabilirler.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Eski M\u0131s\u0131r Ya\u015fam\u0131 18.000 Ostraka ile Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131 Antik Defterlerin Ke\u015ffi Antik M\u0131s\u0131r kenti Athribis’i kaz\u0131yan arkeologlar, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir ke\u015fif yapt\u0131lar: 18.000’den fazla ostraka, yani \u015fehrin sakinleri i\u00e7in “defter” g\u00f6revi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[88,170,541,15484,63,15483,27],"class_list":["post-11435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-archaeology","tag-education","tag-ancient-egypt","tag-daily-life","tag-culture","tag-ostraca","tag-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11435"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11436,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11435\/revisions\/11436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}