{"id":11538,"date":"2023-03-31T20:42:19","date_gmt":"2023-03-31T20:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11538"},"modified":"2023-03-31T20:42:19","modified_gmt":"2023-03-31T20:42:19","slug":"humans-and-war-debunking-the-myth-of-the-peaceful-savage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/science\/anthropology\/humans-and-war-debunking-the-myth-of-the-peaceful-savage\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nsanlar ve Sava\u015f: Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l \u0130lkel \u0130nsan Mitini \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fctmek"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130nsanlar ve Sava\u015f: Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l \u0130lkel \u0130nsan Mitini \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fctmek<\/h2>\n\n

Arkeolojik Kan\u0131tlar Yan\u0131lsamay\u0131 Parampar\u00e7a Ediyor<\/h2>\n\n

Tarih boyunca sava\u015f, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcrekli bir yolda\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l, asil ilkel insan mitinin aksine, arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yayg\u0131n ve \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir sava\u015f ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Asur sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kabartmalar\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131 yenen M\u0131s\u0131r firavunlar\u0131n\u0131 tasvir eden dikilita\u015flara kadar, eski eserler \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kasvetli bir resmini \u00e7izmektedir.<\/p>\n\n

Yerli Amerikal\u0131lar, Aborjinler, Eskimolar ve Bu\u015fmenler gibi “bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l” topluluklar aras\u0131nda bile arkeolojik, antropolojik ve ekolojik veriler, sava\u015f\u0131n yayg\u0131n ve \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Harvardl\u0131 bir arkeolog olan Steven A. LeBlanc, insanlar ve sava\u015f\u0131n her zaman el ele y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc savunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Ekolojik Dengesizlik: Birincil \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma Nedeni<\/h2>\n\n

LeBlanc, ekolojik dengesizli\u011fi sava\u015f\u0131n birincil nedeni olarak belirlemektedir. N\u00fcfus, g\u0131da arz\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya toprak bozuldu\u011funda, insanlar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kaynaklar i\u00e7in rekabet ederek \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma patlama noktalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Orta Do\u011fu ve Balkanlar, s\u00fcregelen ihtilaflar\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunan uzun bir ekolojik stres ve bozulma ge\u00e7mi\u015fine sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n

Primat Atalar\u0131m\u0131zda Sava\u015f<\/h2>\n\n

Sava\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctme d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fc, evrimsel tarihimizde \u00e7ok eskilere dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u015eempanzeler gibi en yak\u0131n maymun akrabalar\u0131m\u0131z, insan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan \u015fiddetli sava\u015f eylemlerinde bulunurlar. \u0130nsanlar evrimle\u015ftik\u00e7e \u015fiddet norm haline geldi; Rousseau ve takip\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan pop\u00fcler hale getirilen asil ilkel insan\u0131n romantik kavram\u0131yla tam bir tezat olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n\n

\u0130skelet Kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 Kasvetli Bir Hikaye Anlat\u0131yor<\/h2>\n\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan gelen iskelet kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, korkun\u00e7 \u015fiddetin inkar edilemez kan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r. Kal\u0131c\u0131 yerle\u015fim yerleri olmayan avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131lar olan eski Aborjinlerin g\u00f6m\u00fclme yerleri, \u015fiddetli \u00f6l\u00fcmler, katliamlar ve sava\u015f i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zel silahlar\u0131n izlerini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 kan\u0131tlar, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ilkel insan mitine meydan okumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Tar\u0131m: Artan Sava\u015flar \u0130\u00e7in Bir Kataliz\u00f6r<\/h2>\n\n

M\u00d6 10.000 civar\u0131nda avlanma-toplay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015f, \u00f6nemli \u00e7evresel stresler getirdi. N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131, do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n daha fazla s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve sava\u015f\u0131 avlanma-toplay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndakinden daha yayg\u0131n ve \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hale getirdi.<\/p>\n\n

Amerikan G\u00f6rg\u00fc Kurallar\u0131: E\u015fitlik\u00e7ilikte K\u00f6k Salm\u0131\u015f<\/h2>\n\n

Miss Manners olarak da bilinen Judith Martin, “Star-Spangled Manners” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Amerikan toplumunun benzersiz g\u00f6rg\u00fc kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Amerikan g\u00f6rg\u00fc kurallar\u0131n\u0131, \u00fclkenin kurucular\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan e\u015fitli\u011fe olan temel inanca ba\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu e\u015fitlik\u00e7i ruh, ferahlat\u0131c\u0131 derecede a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6zl\u00fc ve ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir tav\u0131rla kendini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n

Amerikan \u0130yimserli\u011fi ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Ahlak\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

Martin, Amerikan karakterinin belirleyici \u00f6zellikleri olarak iyimserli\u011fi ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ahlak\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Amerikal\u0131lar, aksiliklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fsalar bile ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rlar. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa de\u011fer verirler ve bo\u015f zaman\u0131 bir hak de\u011fil, kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir \u015fey olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n\n

Amerikal\u0131lar ile Hizmet\u00e7iler Aras\u0131ndaki Huzursuz \u0130li\u015fki<\/h2>\n\n

Martin ayr\u0131ca Amerikal\u0131lar ile hizmet\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki huzursuz ili\u015fkiyi de incelemektedir. Amerikal\u0131lar, rahatl\u0131k arzusu ile birine hizmet ettirme fikrinden duydu\u011fu rahats\u0131zl\u0131k aras\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Bu gerilim, Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n sosyal hiyerar\u015fiyle olan daha geni\u015f rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130nsanlar ve Sava\u015f: Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l \u0130lkel \u0130nsan Mitini \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fctmek Arkeolojik Kan\u0131tlar Yan\u0131lsamay\u0131 Parampar\u00e7a Ediyor Tarih boyunca sava\u015f, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcrekli bir yolda\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l, asil ilkel insan mitinin aksine, arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar ge\u00e7mi\u015fte…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[132,88,2623,1164,15609,136,1325,195,3270,5292,27],"class_list":["post-11538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-anthropology","tag-archaeology","tag-peace","tag-conflict","tag-egalitarianism","tag-evolution","tag-human-nature","tag-mythology","tag-warfare","tag-social-behavior","tag-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11538"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11539,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11538\/revisions\/11539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}