Peru Andlar\u0131’nda yer alan antik bir \u0130nka \u015fehri olan Machu Picchu’nun ke\u015ffi tart\u0131\u015fmalarla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Amerikal\u0131 bir ka\u015fif ve tarih\u00e7i olan Hiram Bingham III, 1911’de kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 “ke\u015ffetmesiyle” tan\u0131n\u0131r. Ancak son ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, ondan \u00f6nce de ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n siteyi ziyaret etmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n
Yerel \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin ve bir Perulu polisin rehberli\u011findeki Bingham’\u0131n ke\u015fif gezisi, 24 Temmuz 1911’de kal\u0131nt\u0131lara rastlad\u0131. Yo\u011fun bir orman\u0131n i\u00e7inde gizlenmi\u015f olan karma\u015f\u0131k ta\u015f yap\u0131lar ve teraslar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hayrete d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bingham’\u0131n ke\u015ffinin 1913’te Harper’s Monthly’de yay\u0131nlanan anlat\u0131s\u0131, Machu Picchu’yu uluslararas\u0131 alanda duyurdu.<\/p>\n\n
Bingham’\u0131n \u00fcn\u00fcne ra\u011fmen, Perulu arkeologlar onun Machu Picchu’yu ziyaret eden ilk yabanc\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ediyor. Daha \u00f6nceki grafiti kan\u0131tlar\u0131na ve Bingham’\u0131n geli\u015finden \u00f6nce b\u00f6lgede bulunan Alman, \u0130ngiliz ve Amerikal\u0131 ka\u015fiflerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyorlar.<\/p>\n\n
Bingham’\u0131n ke\u015fif iddias\u0131n\u0131n en sesli ele\u015ftirmenlerinden biri Perulu antropolog Jorge Flores Ochoa’d\u0131r. Bingham’\u0131n “daha fazla akademik bilgiye sahip oldu\u011funu… Ancak bilinmeyen bir yeri anlatmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131” savunuyor.<\/p>\n\n
Alman maden m\u00fchendisi Carl Haenel, 1916’da Times’a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mektupta, ka\u015fif J.M. von Hassel’e 1910’da Machu Picchu’ya e\u015flik etti\u011fini iddia etti, ancak iddias\u0131n\u0131 destekleyecek hi\u00e7bir belge sunmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Bingham’\u0131n kendisi bile ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 kendisinden \u00f6nce ziyaret etmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini kabul etti. 1913’te National Geographic Society’ye yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mektupta \u015f\u00f6yle yazd\u0131: “Cuzco’dan sadece be\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck mesafedeki bu \u015fehrin bu kadar uzun s\u00fcredir tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f ve nispeten bilinmez kalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 neredeyse inan\u0131lmaz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.”<\/p>\n\n
Bingham’\u0131n ke\u015fif iddias\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen tart\u0131\u015fmalara ra\u011fmen, bir\u00e7ok akademisyen onun Machu Picchu’yu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n dikkatine sunmada \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yor. Sit alan\u0131nda kapsaml\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve kaz\u0131lar yapt\u0131, mimari harikalar\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6nemini belgelerle destekledi.<\/p>\n\n
Bingham’\u0131n ders verdi\u011fi Yale \u00dcniversitesi’nde antropoloji profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Richard L. Burger, Bingham’\u0131n “Machu Picchu’ya ayak basan ilk modern insan oldu\u011funu asla iddia etmedi\u011fini” savunuyor. Bingham’\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n “bilimsel ke\u015ffi” olarak kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n
Bingham, Machu Picchu’dan \u015fimdi Yale \u00dcniversitesi’nde bulunan \u00e7ok say\u0131da eser ve kemik getirdi. Peru h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bu eserlerin Peru halk\u0131na ait oldu\u011funu ve kendi \u00fclkelerinde korunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunarak bu eserlerin iade edilmesini talep etti.<\/p>\n\n
Yale, 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda baz\u0131 eserleri daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in tutmak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda eserlerin \u00e7o\u011funu iade etmeyi kabul etti. Ancak Peru h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, t\u00fcm koleksiyonun iade edilmesini talep eden bir dava a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Yale ve Peru aras\u0131ndaki devam eden hukuk sava\u015f\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel eserlerin m\u00fclkiyetine ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin karma\u015f\u0131k etik ve hukuki meseleleri vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n
UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 Alan\u0131 olan Machu Picchu, Peru’nun en pop\u00fcler turistik yerlerinden biridir. \u00c7arp\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fczelli\u011fi ve tarihi \u00f6nemi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan gelen ziyaret\u00e7ileri b\u00fcy\u00fclemeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n\n
Machu Picchu’nun ke\u015ffi ve onu \u00e7evreleyen tart\u0131\u015fmalar, tarihi ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00f6nemini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti ve korunmas\u0131 konusundaki s\u00fcregelen tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Machu Picchu: Ke\u015ffi ve Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Machu Picchu’nun Ke\u015ffi Peru Andlar\u0131’nda yer alan antik bir \u0130nka \u015fehri olan Machu Picchu’nun ke\u015ffi tart\u0131\u015fmalarla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Amerikal\u0131 bir ka\u015fif ve tarih\u00e7i olan Hiram Bingham…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[767],"tags":[17561,88,1532,2153,6102,10],"class_list":["post-12996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-ancient-inca","tag-archaeology","tag-discovery","tag-machu-picchu","tag-peruvian-history","tag-controversy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12996"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12996\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12997,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12996\/revisions\/12997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}