{"id":13295,"date":"2019-09-20T10:49:52","date_gmt":"2019-09-20T10:49:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13295"},"modified":"2019-09-20T10:49:52","modified_gmt":"2019-09-20T10:49:52","slug":"wittgensteins-ghost-the-philosophical-debate-that-wont-die","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/uncategorized\/wittgensteins-ghost-the-philosophical-debate-that-wont-die\/","title":{"rendered":"Wittgenstein’\u0131n Hayaleti: Sonsuz Bir Felsefi Tart\u0131\u015fma"},"content":{"rendered":"

Wittgenstein’\u0131n Hayaleti: \u00d6lmeyen Bir Felsefi Tart\u0131\u015fma<\/h2>\n\n

Cambridge Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

1946’da, iki \u00fcnl\u00fc filozof Ludwig Wittgenstein ve Karl Popper, Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi’nde hararetli bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya girdiler. Sadece on dakika s\u00fcren tart\u0131\u015fma, o zamandan beri filozoflar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fclemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n

Sallanan Poker<\/h2>\n\n

Tart\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda Wittgenstein’\u0131n Popper’a demir bir poker sallad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi. Bu olay\u0131n kesin ko\u015fullar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r, ancak Wittgenstein’\u0131n ve Popper’\u0131n fikirleri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bir sembol\u00fc haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n

Felsefenin Bilmecesi<\/h2>\n\n

Wittgenstein, felsefenin ger\u00e7ek sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmekle de\u011fil, d\u00fcnyadan bahsetmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dili a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturmakla ilgilendi\u011fini savundu. Bir\u00e7ok felsefi sorunun dilden kaynaklanan yanl\u0131\u015f anlamalardan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n

\u00d6te yandan Popper, felsefenin \u00f6nemli sosyal ve politik meseleleri ele alabilece\u011fine inan\u0131yordu. Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak ve yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n

Dilinin S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

Wittgenstein, mant\u0131k ve bilim gibi bi\u00e7imsel dillerin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak kavrayamayaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yordu. Bu dillerin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe yapay kurallar ve ayr\u0131mlar dayatarak bizi s\u0131kl\u0131kla yan\u0131ltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savundu.<\/p>\n\n

Ancak Popper, mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcne b\u00fcy\u00fck bir inan\u00e7 duyuyordu. Dikkatlice yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f arg\u00fcmanlar yoluyla nesnel ger\u00e7eklere ula\u015fabilece\u011fimize inan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n

Yapay Zeka ve Zekan\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h2>\n\n

Wittgenstein’\u0131n dilin g\u00fcc\u00fc hakk\u0131ndaki \u015f\u00fcphecili\u011fi, yapay zeka (YZ) alan\u0131 \u00fczerinde derin bir etkiye sahip olmu\u015ftur. Bir\u00e7ok YZ ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131, insanlar gibi ger\u00e7ekten anlayabilen ve ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctebilen bilgisayarlar yaratmak i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n

Wittgenstein, YZ aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n dil taraf\u0131ndan “zekan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fclenmesi” oldu\u011funu savundu. Bilgisayarlar\u0131n insan dilinin ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 asla tam olarak kavrayamayaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n

Klonlama ve Tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 Konular<\/h2>\n\n

Wittgenstein’\u0131n fikirleri, klonlaman\u0131n etik ve felsefi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar\u0131na da uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Klonlama, kimlik, ki\u015filik ve insan varolu\u015funun do\u011fas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda derin sorular ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Wittgenstein’\u0131n \u015f\u00fcphecili\u011fi, tam olarak anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015feyler hakk\u0131nda iddialarda bulunurken dikkatli olmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. Klonlama, di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131k konu gibi, kolay cevaplar\u0131 olmayan tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 konular\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n

\u015e\u00fcphecili\u011fin Hayaleti<\/h2>\n\n

Wittgenstein’\u0131n hayaleti, filozoflar\u0131 ve bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131 rahats\u0131z etmeye devam ediyor. \u015e\u00fcpheci yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, varsay\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sorgulamam\u0131za ve bilgimizin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmam\u0131za meydan okur.<\/p>\n\n

Wittgenstein’\u0131n Popper’a do\u011fru sallad\u0131\u011f\u0131 demir poker, bu felsefi \u015f\u00fcphecili\u011fin bir sembol\u00fc haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bize ger\u00e7e\u011fi araman\u0131n genellikle belirsizlikle dolu oldu\u011funu ve asla t\u00fcm cevaplara sahip oldu\u011fumuzu iddia etmekte \u00e7ok acele etmememiz gerekti\u011fini hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n

Temel Noktalar<\/h2>\n\n