Gri kurtlardan t\u00fcreyen k\u00f6pekler, binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r sad\u0131k dostlar\u0131m\u0131z olmu\u015ftur. Bilinen en eski k\u00f6pek fosilleri 31.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine dayanmaktad\u0131r, ancak genetik kan\u0131tlar modern k\u00f6peklerin Orta Do\u011fu’da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Afgan taz\u0131s\u0131 ve Shar Pei gibi eski k\u00f6pek \u0131rklar\u0131 binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r ortal\u0131ktayken, \u00e7o\u011fu modern \u0131rk Viktorya d\u00f6neminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n
Ke\u00e7ilerin, alt\u0131 ana soyu ile \u00e7e\u015fitli bir genetik miras\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki evcil ke\u00e7ilerin \u00e7o\u011fu, iki evcille\u015ftirme olay\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r: biri g\u00fcneydo\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye’de, di\u011feri Zagros Da\u011flar\u0131’nda. Genetik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, modern ke\u00e7ilerin hemen hemen hepsinin T\u00fcrkiye’de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n
Koyunlar, ke\u00e7ilerle birlikte evcille\u015ftirilen ilk hayvanlar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve k\u00f6kenleri 11.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta et i\u00e7in yeti\u015ftirildiler, daha sonra y\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in de\u011ferli hale geldiler. Arkeolojik ve genetik kan\u0131tlar, Verimli Hilal’i onlar\u0131n do\u011fum yeri olarak i\u015faret etmektedir, ancak \u00e7oklu genetik soylar, evcille\u015ftirmenin farkl\u0131 yabani koyun atalar\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 kez ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n\n
Evcil s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar iki ana \u00e7e\u015fitte gelir: Taurin ve Zebular. Daha so\u011fuk iklimlerde bulunan Taurin s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131, Verimli Hilal’de ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, ilk pop\u00fclasyonun yaln\u0131zca 80 di\u015fi \u00f6k\u00fczden olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Ay\u0131rt edici h\u00f6rg\u00fc\u00e7leriyle Zebular, k\u00f6kenlerini Hindistan’\u0131n \u0130ndus Vadisi’ne kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n\n
Domuzlar, \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerde defalarca evcille\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. En eski kan\u0131tlar, 12.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yaban domuzlar\u0131n\u0131n getirildi\u011fi K\u0131br\u0131s’tan gelmektedir. Tamamen evcille\u015ftirilmi\u015f domuzlar, 9.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Verimli Hilal’de ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genetik kan\u0131tlar, Do\u011fu Asya, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya, Hindistan ve Avrupa’da ayr\u0131 evcille\u015ftirme olaylar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n
Atlar ilk olarak Bat\u0131 Avrasya Bozk\u0131rlar\u0131’nda evcille\u015ftirildi. Kazakistan’dan M\u00d6 3.500’e tarihlenen fosil kan\u0131tlar, ko\u015fum ve k\u0131srak s\u00fct\u00fc t\u00fcketimine dair kan\u0131tlar g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00c7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kimyasal analizi, Botay k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn atlara olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n
E\u015feklerin, yakla\u015f\u0131k 5.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Kuzeydo\u011fu Afrika’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen iki ayr\u0131 evcille\u015ftirme olay\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren iki farkl\u0131 genetik grubu vard\u0131r. DNA analizi, Nubian yaban e\u015fe\u011fini bir grubun atas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak di\u011fer grubun k\u00f6keni bilinmemektedir.<\/p>\n\n
Orta Do\u011fu ve Verimli Hilal, hayvan evcille\u015ftirilmesinde merkezi bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6lge, k\u00f6pekler, ke\u00e7iler ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar i\u00e7in ilk evcille\u015ftirme olaylar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Verimli ortam ve insan yerle\u015fimlerine yak\u0131nl\u0131k, insanlar ve hayvanlar aras\u0131nda yak\u0131n ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015fmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n
Genetik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, evcille\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecini anlamada \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Evcil hayvanlar\u0131n ve vah\u015fi atalar\u0131n\u0131n DNA’lar\u0131n\u0131 analiz ederek ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar genetik soylar\u0131 belirlemi\u015f ve k\u00f6kenlerini izlemi\u015flerdir. Bu kan\u0131tlar, \u00e7oklu evcille\u015ftirme olaylar\u0131na ve evcil hayvanlar\u0131n genetik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n
Bronz \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’nda Kazakistan’da ya\u015fayan Botay k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, at\u0131n evcille\u015ftirilmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fosil kan\u0131tlar\u0131, at di\u015flerindeki ko\u015fum hasar\u0131 ve \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mle\u011fin kimyasal analizi, Botay halk\u0131n\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131m ve ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde atlara dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Evcil Hayvanlar\u0131n K\u00f6keni K\u00f6pekler: \u0130nsan\u0131n En \u0130yi Arkada\u015f\u0131 Gri kurtlardan t\u00fcreyen k\u00f6pekler, binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r sad\u0131k dostlar\u0131m\u0131z olmu\u015ftur. Bilinen en eski k\u00f6pek fosilleri 31.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine dayanmaktad\u0131r, ancak genetik kan\u0131tlar modern…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23904,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[18075,18073,18076,136,188,18072,16203,3196,5153,18074,27],"class_list":["post-13406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zoology","tag-horses","tag-cows","tag-donkeys","tag-evolution","tag-genetics","tag-animal-domestication","tag-goats","tag-dogs","tag-sheep","tag-pigs","tag-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13406"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13406\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13407,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13406\/revisions\/13407"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23904"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}