{"id":14355,"date":"2021-08-21T02:36:02","date_gmt":"2021-08-21T02:36:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14355"},"modified":"2021-08-21T02:36:02","modified_gmt":"2021-08-21T02:36:02","slug":"black-vultures-friend-or-foe-to-farmers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/science\/zoology\/black-vultures-friend-or-foe-to-farmers\/","title":{"rendered":"Kara Akbabalar: \u00c7ift\u00e7iler \u0130\u00e7in Dost mu D\u00fc\u015fman m\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kara Akbabalar: \u00c7ift\u00e7iler \u0130\u00e7in Dost mu D\u00fc\u015fman m\u0131?<\/h2>\n\n

Kara Akbabalar: De\u011fi\u015fen Bir Rol<\/h2>\n\n

Koyu t\u00fcyleri ve kel ba\u015flar\u0131yla tan\u0131nan kara akbabalar, geleneksel olarak le\u015f\u00e7il olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve \u00f6l\u00fc hayvanlar\u0131n karkaslar\u0131yla beslenmi\u015ftir. Ancak son raporlar, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n

Ortabat\u0131’da \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, kara akbabalar\u0131n dana ve domuz yavrular\u0131 gibi hayvanlara sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hatta \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bildiriyor. Bu durum \u00e7ift\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda endi\u015felere yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve s\u00fcr\u00fclerini korumak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ilmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n

Korunan Durum ve Itlaf \u0130zinleri<\/h2>\n\n

Kara akbabalar, izinsiz zarar verilmesini yasaklayan G\u00f6\u00e7men Ku\u015flar Antla\u015fmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda korunmaktad\u0131r. Indiana \u00c7iftlik B\u00fcrosu, ya\u011fma raporlar\u0131na yan\u0131t olarak, \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin hayvanlar\u0131na zarar veren kara akbabalar\u0131 itlaf etmeleri i\u00e7in izin alabilecekleri bir program ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

Ancak Cornell Ornitoloji Laboratuvar\u0131’ndan John W. Fitzpatrick gibi baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131, kara akbaba ya\u011fmas\u0131 raporlar\u0131n\u0131n abart\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve ku\u015flar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131 hedeflemedi\u011fine inan\u0131yor. Akbabalar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi anlamak i\u00e7in daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011funu savunuyorlar.<\/p>\n\n

Kara Akbaban\u0131n Yay\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131, kara akbaba ya\u011fmas\u0131ndaki son art\u0131\u015f\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle ilgili olabilece\u011finden \u015f\u00fcpheleniyor. Kara akbabalar tarihsel olarak g\u00fcney eyaletlerinde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r, ancak son on y\u0131llarda menzilleri kuzeye do\u011fru geni\u015flemektedir.<\/p>\n\n

Is\u0131nan iklim, akbabalar i\u00e7in daha uygun ko\u015fullar yarat\u0131rken, ormanlar\u0131n tar\u0131m arazisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gibi arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, onlara hayvanlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla f\u0131rsat sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Azaltma<\/h2>\n\n

Purdue \u00dcniversitesi ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n Vah\u015fi Ya\u015fam Hizmetleri’ndeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, kara akbaban\u0131n y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricileriyle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu bilgiler, akbabalar\u0131 hayvanlara sald\u0131rmaktan cayd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in stratejiler geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c7ift\u00e7iler ayr\u0131ca kara akbabalar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u015f\u00fcphelendikleri buza\u011f\u0131lar\u0131 laboratuvara ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayarak veya ku\u015flarla ilgili deneyimleri hakk\u0131nda \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i bir anketi doldurarak yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilirler. Bu veriler, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n sorunu daha iyi anlamalar\u0131na ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Korumay\u0131 ve Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Dengelemek<\/h2>\n\n

Kara akbaba ya\u011fmas\u0131 sorunu, korumay\u0131 hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131yla dengeleme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Kara akbabalar ekosistemin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olsa da \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in de tehdit olu\u015fturabilirler.<\/p>\n\n

Sorunun kapsam\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek ve hem kara akbabalar\u0131na hem de hayvanlara y\u00f6nelik zarar\u0131 en aza indiren etkili azaltma stratejileri geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bu, akbabalar\u0131 cayd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fc hayvan taklidi veya g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131c\u0131lar gibi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olmayan y\u00f6ntemleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ve \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin s\u00fcr\u00fclerini korumak i\u00e7in en iyi y\u00f6netim uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamak i\u00e7in onlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir.<\/p>\n\n

Ek Kaynaklar<\/h2>\n\n