\u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f’a giden on y\u0131llarda, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bir sivil haklar hareketi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Hem \u00f6zg\u00fcr hem de k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmi\u015f siyah aktivistler, \u0131rksal e\u015fitlik ve k\u00f6leli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ettiler. Ohio, bu m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6nemli bir sava\u015f alan\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
\u00d6zg\u00fcr bir eyalet olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Ohio’da Afro-Amerikal\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapan yasalar vard\u0131. Bu “siyah yasalar\u0131”, siyah sakinlerin il\u00e7e yetkililerine kay\u0131t yapt\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor, beyazlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren mahkeme davalar\u0131nda tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmelerini yasakl\u0131yor ve kamu e\u011fitimine eri\u015fimlerini engelliyordu. Ohio Anayasas\u0131 ayr\u0131ca yaln\u0131zca beyaz erkeklerin oy kullanabilece\u011fini ilan ediyordu.<\/p>\n\n
Bu bask\u0131c\u0131 yasalara ra\u011fmen, Ohio’lu siyahiler susturulmay\u0131 reddetti. Protestolar d\u00fczenlediler, k\u00f6leli\u011fi kald\u0131rma dernekleri kurdular ve siyah yasalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep eden eyalet yasama organ\u0131na dilek\u00e7eler g\u00f6nderdiler.<\/p>\n\n
Siyah kiliseler, erken sivil haklar hareketinde hayati bir rol oynad\u0131. Aktivizm, e\u011fitim ve topluluk \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli bir alan sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Ohio’daki ilk ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Siyah kilise 1815’te Cincinnati’de kuruldu ve 1833’te eyalette 20’den fazla AME kilisesi vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Ohio’daki en \u00f6nemli siyah aktivistlerden biri John Malvin’di. 1827’de Ohio’ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Virginia’l\u0131 Malvin, Cleveland’da siyah \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in \u00f6zel okullar kurdu ve beyaz kiliselerde \u0131rksal olarak e\u015fit oturma d\u00fczeni i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etti.<\/p>\n\n
1837’de Ohio’lu siyahiler, Columbus’ta ilk eyalet \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki kongrelerini d\u00fczenlediler. Siyah e\u011fitimini desteklemek i\u00e7in bir “okul fonu kurumu” yaratt\u0131lar ve siyah yasalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dilek\u00e7e vermeye devam etme karar\u0131 ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n
1838’de eyalet senat\u00f6r\u00fc Leicester King, siyah yasalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131nayan ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep eden \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bir rapor sundu. King, yasalar\u0131n hem Ohio Anayasas\u0131’n\u0131n ruhunu hem de harfini ihlal etti\u011fini ve Ohio’lu siyahilerin beyaz vatanda\u015flarla ayn\u0131 haklara ve ayr\u0131cal\u0131klara sahip olmay\u0131 hak etti\u011fini savundu.<\/p>\n\n
Ohio’nun Siyah Yasalar\u0131 sonunda 1849’da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da, eyalet anayasas\u0131 hala siyah erkeklerin oy kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 engelliyordu. Bu hak mahrumiyeti, ABD Anayasas\u0131’n\u0131n 15. De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi 1870’te onaylanana kadar devam etti.<\/p>\n\n
Ohio’daki siyah aktivistler, erken sivil haklar hareketinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. \u00c7abalar\u0131, gelecekteki ilerlemeler i\u00e7in zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131 ve ulusun \u0131rksal e\u015fitlik konusundaki kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ohio’da Siyah Aktivizm: \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f \u00d6ncesi Irk E\u015fitli\u011fi \u0130\u00e7in M\u00fccadele Erken Sivil Haklar Hareketi \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f’a giden on y\u0131llarda, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bir sivil haklar hareketi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[6803,39,1879,1434,527],"class_list":["post-14421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-racial-equality","tag-ohio-history","tag-civil-rights","tag-black-history","tag-social-justice"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14421"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14421\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14422,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14421\/revisions\/14422"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14421"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14421"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}