{"id":14658,"date":"2023-03-11T17:26:05","date_gmt":"2023-03-11T17:26:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14658"},"modified":"2023-03-11T17:26:05","modified_gmt":"2023-03-11T17:26:05","slug":"angkor-wat-water-management-rise-and-fall-khmer-empire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/science\/archaeology\/angkor-wat-water-management-rise-and-fall-khmer-empire\/","title":{"rendered":"Khmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu: Yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n Bir An\u0131t\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Angkor Wat: Khmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun Yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kan\u0131t\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

Koh Ker’in Y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda MS’de Khmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’da bask\u0131n bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun ba\u015fkenti Angkor’du, ancak 10. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Kral Jayavarman IV, Angkor’un yakla\u015f\u0131k 75 mil kuzeydo\u011fusunda yer alan Koh Ker’de yeni bir ba\u015fkent kurdu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Koh Ker, Jayavarman IV’\u00fcn saltanat\u0131 alt\u0131nda geli\u015fti, ancak kaderi 944’teki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fti. O\u011flu ve halefi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve sonraki Khmer kral\u0131 ba\u015fkenti tekrar Angkor’a ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

    Su Y\u00f6netiminin Rol\u00fc<\/h2>\n\n

    Su y\u00f6netimi, Koh Ker’in y\u00fckseli\u015finde ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. \u015eehir, sulama ve tar\u0131m i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rezervuara g\u00fcveniyordu. Ancak arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar, rezervuar\u0131n set ve su yolu sisteminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011funu ve bunun da y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sellere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n

    Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, rezervuar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesinin, ba\u015fkentin tekrar Angkor’a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ralarda meydana geldi\u011fine inan\u0131yorlar. Bu, su y\u00f6netim sisteminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, Koh Ker’in ba\u015fkent olarak gerilemesine katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015f olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n\n

    Tar\u0131m\u0131n \u00d6nemi<\/h2>\n\n

    Tar\u0131m, Khmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun bel kemi\u011fiydi. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun y\u00f6neticileri, musonlar\u0131 kontrol etmek ve kom\u015fu devletler \u00fczerinde g\u00fc\u00e7lerini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in su y\u00f6netim sistemlerini kulland\u0131lar. Koh Ker’deki su y\u00f6netim sisteminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tar\u0131m arazilerine zarar vermi\u015f ve \u015fehrin ekonomisini zay\u0131flatm\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n\n

    Siyasi Entrika<\/h2>\n\n

    Siyasi entrika da Koh Ker’in \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde rol oynad\u0131. Kral Jayavarman IV’\u00fcn y\u00f6netimi, kraliyet ailesinin di\u011fer \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bu i\u00e7 \u00e7eki\u015fme, su y\u00f6netim sisteminin ihmal edilmesine ve \u015fehrin nihai \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n\n

    Angkor’un Y\u00fckseli\u015fi<\/h2>\n\n

    Koh Ker’in \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra Angkor bir kez daha Khmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun ba\u015fkenti oldu. Ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k krallar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda imparatorluk geni\u015fledi ve geli\u015fti. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en pop\u00fcler turistik yerlerinden biri olan Angkor Wat, 12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda in\u015fa edildi.<\/p>\n\n

    Angkor’un Khmer y\u00f6neticileri, Koh Ker’de yap\u0131lan hatalardan ders \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. Su y\u00f6netim sistemlerine b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yapt\u0131lar ve bu da musonlar\u0131 kontrol etmelerine ve birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca geli\u015fen bir \u015fehri ayakta tutmalar\u0131na olanak tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

    \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/h2>\n\n

    Khmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun gerilemesi 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flad\u0131. 1300’lerin sonlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan uzun bir kurakl\u0131k d\u00f6nemini, \u015fehrin su altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 alt \u00fcst etmi\u015f olabilecek seller izledi. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, imparatorlu\u011fun nihai \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde rol oynam\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n\n

    Arkeolojik Ke\u015fifler<\/h2>\n\n

    Son y\u0131llarda arkeologlar, Khmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in yeni teknikler ve teknolojiler kulland\u0131lar. LiDAR ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve yeralt\u0131 radar\u0131, Koh Ker ve Angkor’daki su y\u00f6netim sistemlerinin kapsam\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

    Bu arkeolojik ke\u015fifler, Khmer halk\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yeni bilgiler sa\u011flad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluklar\u0131ndan birinin y\u00fckseli\u015fine ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne katk\u0131da bulunan karma\u015f\u0131k fakt\u00f6rleri anlamam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldular.<\/p>\n\n

    Su Y\u00f6netiminin \u00d6nemi<\/h2>\n\n

    Khmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun hikayesi, su y\u00f6netiminin \u00f6nemine dair bir hat\u0131rlatmad\u0131r. Su, tar\u0131m, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve insan ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu artmaya ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yo\u011funla\u015fmaya devam ettik\u00e7e, su y\u00f6netimi giderek daha da \u00f6nemli hale gelecektir.<\/p>\n\n

    Khmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun miras\u0131, bug\u00fcn bize bir uyar\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin hatalar\u0131ndan ders almal\u0131 ve gezegenimiz i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli bir gelecek sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir su y\u00f6netimi uygulamalar\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Angkor Wat: Khmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun Yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kan\u0131t\u0131 Koh Ker’in Y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda MS’de Khmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’da bask\u0131n bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun ba\u015fkenti Angkor’du, ancak 10.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[19666,88,252,18321,5786,27],"class_list":["post-14658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-angkor-wat","tag-archaeology","tag-nature","tag-khmer-empire","tag-water-management","tag-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14658"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14659,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14658\/revisions\/14659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}