{"id":14814,"date":"2021-03-06T17:20:44","date_gmt":"2021-03-06T17:20:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14814"},"modified":"2021-03-06T17:20:44","modified_gmt":"2021-03-06T17:20:44","slug":"karakorum-capital-of-the-mongol-empire-revealed-through-advanced-geophysics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/science\/archaeology-and-history\/karakorum-capital-of-the-mongol-empire-revealed-through-advanced-geophysics\/","title":{"rendered":"Karakurum: Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun Kay\u0131p Ba\u015fkenti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Karakurum: Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun Ba\u015fkenti<\/h2>\n\n

Ke\u015fif ve Haritalama<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. y\u00fczy\u0131l Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun ba\u015fkenti Karakurum’un kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, arkeologlar\u0131 uzun zamand\u0131r b\u00fcy\u00fclemektedir. Bununla birlikte, \u015fehrin fiziksel kan\u0131tlar\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Avrupa gezginlerinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 anlat\u0131lar\u0131 lehine g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    \u015eimdi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ilk kez terk edilmi\u015f bu Avrasya \u015fehrinin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir haritas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f jeofizik y\u00f6ntemleri kulland\u0131lar. Antiquity dergisinde yay\u0131nlanan bulgular, bu terk edilmi\u015f Avrasya \u015fehri hakk\u0131ndaki bilgilerimizi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fletiyor.<\/p>\n\n

    Kurulu\u015f ve \u00d6nem<\/h2>\n\n

    Cengiz Han, Karakurum’u 1220 civar\u0131nda Orhun Nehri vadisinde stratejik olarak konumland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yurt kamp\u0131 olarak kurdu. Potansiyelini fark eden o\u011flu ve halefi \u00d6gedey Han, Karakurum’u Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun ba\u015fkenti olarak se\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n

    Zamanla Karakurum, \u0130pek Yolu boyunca diplomatlar\u0131, t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 ve gezginleri a\u011f\u0131rlayan geli\u015fen bir metropol haline geldi. \u00c7inli zanaatkarlar ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u00fcccarlar, g\u00f6rkemine katk\u0131da bulunarak g\u00f6rkemli bir saray ve di\u011fer etkileyici yap\u0131lar in\u015fa ettiler.<\/p>\n\n

    Geli\u015fmi\u015f Jeofizik Haritalama<\/h2>\n\n

    Ba\u015f yazar Jan Bemmann ve ekibi, 465 hektarl\u0131k bir alan\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in bir SQUID (s\u00fcperiletken kuantum giri\u015fim cihaz\u0131) kulland\u0131 ve y\u00fczeyin alt\u0131ndaki kaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n bir haritas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Hava foto\u011fraflar\u0131, tarihi kay\u0131tlar ve \u00f6nceki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla birle\u015ftirilen bu veriler, Karakurum’un yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve yap\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

    \u015eehir D\u00fczeni ve \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n\n

    Yeni harita, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bir zamanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck tu\u011fla binalar\u0131n nerede bulundu\u011funu ve yollar\u0131n araziden nerede ge\u00e7ti\u011fini belirlemelerine olanak tan\u0131yor. Elit mahalleler \u015fehir surlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131rken, ikmal yerle\u015fimleri ve \u00fcretim tesisleri \u00e7evredeki Orhun Nehri vadisine kadar uzan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n

    “Sadece bir imparatorluk \u015fehrinden de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir imparatorluk vadisinden bahsediyoruz” dedi Bemmann.<\/p>\n\n

    William of Rubruck’un Anlat\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

    Flaman bir Fransisken ke\u015fi\u015f olan William of Rubruck, 1254’te Karakurum’u ziyaret etti ve ihti\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda anlatt\u0131. \u00d6zellikle \u015farap ve k\u0131srak s\u00fct\u00fc gibi i\u00e7ecekler da\u011f\u0131tan bir a\u011fa\u00e7 \u015feklindeki b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u00e7e\u015fmeden etkilendi.<\/p>\n\n

    Mo\u011fol Etkisi ve Miras\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

    Mo\u011follar\u0131n askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc ve fethedilen topraklardan yetenekli insanlar\u0131 toplama konusundaki yetenekleri, Karakurum’un refah\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundu. Ancak \u015fehir in\u015fas\u0131 konusunda kendilerine dan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in esirlerine g\u00fcvenmek zorunda kald\u0131lar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc esasen g\u00f6\u00e7ebeydi.<\/p>\n\n

    \u0130lgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde, Karakurum’un \u015fehir surlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki arazinin tam y\u00fczde 40’\u0131 bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131, belki de Mo\u011follar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7ebe miras\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131yordu. 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Karakurum neredeyse tamamen terk edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n

    Modern Ke\u015fif ve Yeniden Yap\u0131m<\/h2>\n\n

    \u015eehrin kesin yeri 1889’da yeniden ke\u015ffedildi, ancak arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kald\u0131. Jeofizik haritas\u0131na dayanan Karakurum’un yeni dijital yeniden in\u015fas\u0131, \u015fehrin d\u00fczenini ve tarihini anlamak i\u00e7in de\u011ferli bir ara\u00e7 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n

    Bemmann, “Haritan\u0131n her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fcyen kapsam\u0131na tan\u0131k olmak \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131” dedi. “\u015eehrin her yeni par\u00e7as\u0131 eklendi\u011finde, anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z da b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc.”<\/p>\n\n

    Karakurum’un ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 haritas\u0131, Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun etkisi, \u015fehir in\u015fas\u0131nda yetenekli esirlerin rol\u00fc ve bir zamanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck olan bu ba\u015fkentin kal\u0131c\u0131 miras\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgiler sunuyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Karakurum: Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun Ba\u015fkenti Ke\u015fif ve Haritalama y\u00fczy\u0131l Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun ba\u015fkenti Karakurum’un kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, arkeologlar\u0131 uzun zamand\u0131r b\u00fcy\u00fclemektedir. Bununla birlikte, \u015fehrin fiziksel kan\u0131tlar\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Avrupa gezginlerinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 anlat\u0131lar\u0131 lehine g\u00f6z…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7494],"tags":[88,564,27],"class_list":["post-14814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology-and-history","tag-archaeology","tag-exploration","tag-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14814","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14814"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14814\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14815,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14814\/revisions\/14815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14814"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14814"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}