Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nin 28. ba\u015fkan\u0131 Woodrow Wilson, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir fig\u00fcr olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Adil ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir d\u00fcnya vizyonu, \u00fcnl\u00fc “Zafersiz Bar\u0131\u015f” konu\u015fmas\u0131nda dile getirildi ve uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler \u00fczerinde kal\u0131c\u0131 bir etki b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Wilson’\u0131n ideali, \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f’\u0131n deh\u015fetlerini ilk elden deneyimlemesiyle \u015fekillendi. Sava\u015f\u0131n yaln\u0131zca ac\u0131 ve y\u0131k\u0131m getirdi\u011fine inan\u0131yor ve Amerika’n\u0131n Avrupa’y\u0131 kas\u0131p kavuran kanl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmesini engellemek istiyordu.<\/p>\n\n
22 Ocak 1917’de Wilson, Kongre \u00f6n\u00fcnde ikonik “Zafersiz Bar\u0131\u015f” konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nden tarafs\u0131z kalmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi ve her iki taraf\u0131n da zaferinin yaln\u0131zca gelecekteki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 ataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savundu.<\/p>\n\n
Wilson, “Zafer, kaybedene dayat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir bar\u0131\u015f, galibin \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fluplara dayat\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelecektir” dedi. “Ac\u0131 bir an\u0131, bir k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k, \u00fczerinde bar\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil, sadece batakl\u0131k zemin \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu gibi duraca\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131 bir hat\u0131ra b\u0131rakacakt\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n
Wilson’\u0131n konu\u015fmas\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k tepkilerle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 buna umut dolu vizyoner bir mesaj olarak selam verirken, di\u011ferleri bunu pratik olmayan ve saf\u00e7a olarak nitelendirdi. Bununla birlikte, Wilsoncu idealizmin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc yakalad\u0131: Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n askeri fetih yoluyla de\u011fil, m\u00fczakere ve uzla\u015fma yoluyla sa\u011flanabilece\u011fine olan inan\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n
Tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k arzusuna ra\u011fmen Wilson, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n her iki taraf\u0131ndan da artan bir bask\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. \u00dclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 mitingler ve protestolar patlak verdi ve Kad\u0131n H\u0131ristiyan Temperance Birli\u011fi ve Birle\u015fik Maden \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri gibi gruplar Amerikan m\u00fcdahalesi talep etti.<\/p>\n\n
Almanya’n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z denizalt\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ile ili\u015fkileri daha da gerdi. 128 Amerikal\u0131’n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130ngiliz yolcu gemisi Lusitania’n\u0131n bat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Wilson, Almanya’dan sivil gemilere y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na son vermesini talep etti.<\/p>\n\n
Wilson’\u0131n \u00e7abalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Amerika’n\u0131n tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez hale geldi. 30 Ocak 1917’de Almanya, Amerikan ticaret ve yolcu gemilerini hedef alan s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z denizalt\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 ilan etti. Wilson, Almanya ile diplomatik ili\u015fkileri kopararak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi, ancak Kongre’den sava\u015f ilan\u0131 istemekte teredd\u00fct etti.<\/p>\n\n
Mart ay\u0131 sonunda, Almanya birka\u00e7 Amerikan ticaret gemisini bat\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra Wilson, Alman \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f ilan\u0131 talebinde bulunmaktan ba\u015fka se\u00e7ene\u011fi kalmad\u0131. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nin I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’na girmesi, Wilson’\u0131n “Zafersiz Bar\u0131\u015f” hayalinin sonunu getirdi.<\/p>\n\n
Wilson’\u0131n ideali sonu\u00e7ta Amerika’n\u0131n I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’na kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyememi\u015f olsa da, sonraki y\u0131llarda uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkileri etkilemeye devam etti. Sava\u015f\u0131n bir politika arac\u0131 olarak terk edilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pakt\u0131, Wilson’\u0131n fikirlerinin do\u011frudan bir sonucuydu.<\/p>\n\n
II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra kurulan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler de Wilson’\u0131n vizyonunun izlerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Wilson’\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 koruma \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik orijinal \u00f6nerisi olan Milletler Cemiyeti, BM i\u00e7in bir model g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n
Bununla birlikte, Wilsoncu idealizm, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f, Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Afganistan ve Irak’taki sava\u015flar, Amerikan m\u00fcdahalesinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 zorlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Bug\u00fcn Wilsoncu idealizmin miras\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k ve tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olmaya devam ediyor. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 bunun gereksiz sava\u015flara ve m\u00fcdahalelere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunurken, di\u011ferleri bunun bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve demokrasiyi te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in hayati bir g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n
Ele\u015ftirmenlerine ra\u011fmen, Wilson’\u0131n sava\u015fs\u0131z bir d\u00fcnya vizyonu, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na ilham vermeye ve onlar\u0131 sorgulamaya devam ediyor. “Zafersiz Bar\u0131\u015f” konu\u015fmas\u0131, bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n yaln\u0131zca \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yoklu\u011fu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda adalet, i\u015f birli\u011fi ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sayg\u0131n\u0131n aktif bir aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir hat\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131 olmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Woodrow Wilson\u2019\u0131n Kal\u0131c\u0131 Miras\u0131: \u201cZafersiz Bar\u0131\u015f\u201d \u0130deali Wilsoncu \u0130delizmin K\u00f6kenleri Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nin 28. ba\u015fkan\u0131 Woodrow Wilson, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir fig\u00fcr olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Adil ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[19883,3950,1880,19884,19885,1882,2775],"class_list":["post-14865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-peace-without-victory","tag-world-war-i","tag-diplomacy","tag-idealism","tag-neutrality","tag-international-relations","tag-woodrow-wilson"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14865"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14865\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14866,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14865\/revisions\/14866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}