Madagaskar, D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir yerinde bulunmayan benzersiz canl\u0131lardan olu\u015fan \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe ev sahipli\u011fi yapan bir biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik merkezidir. Bu biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde adan\u0131n uzun s\u00fcreli izolasyonundan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r ve bu da floras\u0131n\u0131n ve faunas\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlere evrimle\u015fmesine olanak tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n
Zengin biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine ra\u011fmen, Madagaskar’\u0131n fosil kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 66 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce Dinozorlar \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n sonu ile yakla\u015f\u0131k 26.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Ge\u00e7 Pleistosen aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir bo\u015fluk vard\u0131r. Bu bo\u015fluk, bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131 Madagaskar’\u0131n mevcut biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011funu merak etmeye itmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n
Northern Illinois \u00dcniversitesi’nden paleontolog Karen Samonds, ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 bu fosil bo\u015flu\u011funu doldurmaya adam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ekibinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Madagaskar’\u0131n eksik evrim \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcne \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan minik fosilleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Samonds’un en \u00f6nemli ke\u015fiflerinden biri, yakla\u015f\u0131k 70 ila 66 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f erken bir memeli olan Vintana’d\u0131r. Vintana’n\u0131n ke\u015ffi, dinozorlar\u0131n yok olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Madagaskar’da memelilerin zaten var oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n
2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda Samonds ve ekibi, 40 milyon y\u0131ll\u0131k bir deniz ine\u011fi olan Eotheroides lambondrano’nun ke\u015ffini duyurdu. Bu ke\u015fif, dinozorlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Ge\u00e7 Pleistosen aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flukta bulunan ilk iyi memeli fosil oldu.<\/p>\n\n
Samonds’un ekibi, Madagaskar’daki Nosy Makamby fosil alan\u0131nda kapsaml\u0131 saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. Bu alan, deniz inekleri, vatozlar, k\u00f6pekbal\u0131klar\u0131, timsahlar ve kaplumba\u011falar dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da fosil ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Deniz fosillerine ek olarak, ekip Nosy Makamby’de minik karasal hayvan fosilleri de buldu. Bu fosiller aras\u0131nda yarasalar\u0131n ve kemirgenlerin di\u015fleri ve kemikleri yer al\u0131yor ve bu hayvanlar\u0131n Miyosen d\u00f6neminde Madagaskar’da var oldu\u011funa dair kan\u0131tlar sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n
Eotheroides’in ke\u015ffi, deniz ine\u011fi evrimimize ili\u015fkin anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Daha \u00f6nce bilim insanlar\u0131, deniz ineklerinin Kuzey Yar\u0131m K\u00fcre’de evrimle\u015fti\u011fine ve g\u00fcneye do\u011fru yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ancak Madagaskar’da Eotheroides’in ke\u015ffi, deniz ineklerinin G\u00fcney Yar\u0131m K\u00fcre’de evrimle\u015fmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n\n
Madagaskar’dan gelen her yeni fosil ke\u015ffi, adan\u0131n biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi hakk\u0131ndaki bilgilerimizdeki bo\u015fluklar\u0131 doldurmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. Bu ke\u015fifler yaln\u0131zca Madagaskar’\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki flora ve faunas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenlerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmakla kalm\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 zamanda adada bir zamanlar var olmu\u015f kay\u0131p d\u00fcnyalar hakk\u0131nda da ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n
Samonds ve ekibi, Madagaskar’\u0131n fosil kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaya devam edecekleri konusunda iyimser. Her yeni ke\u015fif gezisiyle birlikte daha fazla fosil getiriyorlar ve Madagaskar’daki ya\u015fam\u0131n nas\u0131l bu kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli ve e\u015fsiz hale geldi\u011finin hikayesine daha fazla par\u00e7a ekleme potansiyeline sahipler.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Minik Fosiller Madagaskar’da Memelilerin Y\u00fckseli\u015fini Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131yor Madagaskar’\u0131n Benzersiz Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi Madagaskar, D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir yerinde bulunmayan benzersiz canl\u0131lardan olu\u015fan \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe ev sahipli\u011fi yapan bir biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik merkezidir. Bu biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik b\u00fcy\u00fck…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24563,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[395,136,239,5388,7077,137],"class_list":["post-15478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-natural-history","tag-biodiversity","tag-evolution","tag-fossils","tag-madagascar","tag-mammals","tag-paleontology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15478","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15478"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24564,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15478\/revisions\/24564"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}