Amerikan tarihinde d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 niteli\u011findeki bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma olan \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f 1861’de patlak verdi. K\u00f6lelik inkar edilemez bir \u015fekilde birincil kataliz\u00f6r olarak hizmet ederken, patlak vermesine katk\u0131da bulunan \u00e7ok say\u0131da temel fakt\u00f6r vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
K\u00f6le eme\u011fine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olan tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015fan G\u00fcney, g\u00f6steri\u015fli ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6te yandan Kuzey, sanayile\u015fmeyi ve modernle\u015fmeyi benimseyerek belirgin bir ekonomik u\u00e7urum yaratt\u0131. Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131k gerilimleri k\u00f6r\u00fckledi ve G\u00fcney eyaletleri aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131lma arzusunu art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Ekonomik fakt\u00f6rlerin \u00f6tesinde, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyi daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirdi. G\u00fcneyliler k\u00f6leli\u011fi gerekli bir kurum olarak savunurken, Kuzeyliler bunu ahlaks\u0131z olarak k\u0131nad\u0131. Dahas\u0131, Kuzey’in b\u00fcy\u00fcyen k\u00f6lelik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketi, G\u00fcneyliler aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131n\u0131n tehdit alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde korkular uyand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Kongre’deki siyasi t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k, bu sorunlar\u0131n uzla\u015fma yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini engelledi. 1860’ta k\u00f6leli\u011fin s\u0131k\u0131 bir kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olan Abraham Lincoln’\u00fcn se\u00e7ilmesi, G\u00fcney eyaletlerinin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n
K\u00f6lelik, sava\u015f\u0131n patlak vermesinde merkezi bir rol oynad\u0131. Onun kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Kuzeyli k\u00f6lelik kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr toprak savunucular\u0131n\u0131n uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden bir hedefi olmu\u015ftu. Ancak G\u00fcney eyaletleri, kurumun ekonomi ve sosyal d\u00fczeni i\u00e7in gerekli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek onu s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik t\u00fcm giri\u015fimlere \u015fiddetle direndiler.<\/p>\n\n
Kuzeyde ivme kazanan k\u00f6lelik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareket, k\u00f6leli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 kamuoyunun \u015fekillenmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. Frederick Douglass ve Harriet Beecher Stowe gibi etkili fig\u00fcrler, kurumun deh\u015fetini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir s\u00f6ylem ve canl\u0131 anlat\u0131lar kulland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n
Ka\u00e7ak K\u00f6le Yasas\u0131 1850, Kuzeylilerin ka\u00e7ak k\u00f6lelerin yakalanmas\u0131na ve geri verilmesine yard\u0131m etmesini gerektiriyordu. Bu yasa, iki b\u00f6lge aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi daha da alevlendirdi. G\u00fcney’in k\u00f6lelik sistemini ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun koruma konusundaki kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir sembol\u00fc haline geldi.<\/p>\n\n
Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme’nin k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015f\u00f6hretli Dred Scott karar\u0131 1857’de k\u00f6lelerin vatanda\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve mahkemede yasal bir stat\u00fcleri bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetti. Bu karar, Kuzey ile G\u00fcney aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urumu daha da derinle\u015ftirdi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kuzeyliler bunu temel insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde inkar\u0131 olarak k\u0131nad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
1860’ta k\u00f6leli\u011fin s\u0131k\u0131 bir kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olan Abraham Lincoln’\u00fcn se\u00e7ilmesi, bir\u00e7ok G\u00fcneyli i\u00e7in barda\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ran son damla oldu. Lincoln’\u00fcn zaferi, k\u00f6leli\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme ve ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma konusundaki umutlar\u0131n\u0131n sonu anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p>\n\n
Lincoln’\u00fcn se\u00e7ilmesinin ard\u0131ndan G\u00fcney eyaletleri Birlik’ten ayr\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u015eubat 1861’de yedi eyalet Amerika Konfedere Devletleri’ni kurmu\u015ftu. Nisan 1861’de Fort Sumter’a yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131 \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f’\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na i\u015faret ediyordu.<\/p>\n\n
\u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f, gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 derinden etkileyen yeni teknolojilerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na tan\u0131k oldu. Buharl\u0131 makineler birlikler ve erzak i\u00e7in h\u0131zl\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m sa\u011flarken, telgraf geni\u015f mesafelerde ileti\u015fimi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Z\u0131rhl\u0131 gemilerin ve yivli t\u00fcfeklerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 deniz ve kara sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n
1863’te Ba\u015fkan Lincoln, Konfederasyon taraf\u0131ndan tutulan b\u00f6lgelerdeki k\u00f6lelerin \u00f6zg\u00fcr oldu\u011funu ilan eden \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Bildirgesi’ni yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Bu cesur hareket, sava\u015f\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Birlik’i korumaktan k\u00f6leli\u011fi sona erdirmeye kayd\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Sava\u015f, 1865’te Konfederasyon’un yenilgisiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131. 1865’te On \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin onaylanmas\u0131, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde k\u00f6leli\u011fi kald\u0131rd\u0131 ve Amerikan tarihinde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir an\u0131 i\u015faret etti.<\/p>\n\n
\u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f, ulus \u00fczerinde kal\u0131c\u0131 bir miras b\u0131rakt\u0131. Birli\u011fi korudu, k\u00f6leli\u011fe son verdi ve Yeniden Yap\u0131lanma d\u00f6neminin yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131. Ancak sava\u015f ayn\u0131 zamanda Amerikan toplumunda bug\u00fcn yank\u0131lanmaya devam eden derin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeleri de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f: Nedenlerin Karma\u015f\u0131k Mozai\u011fi Tarihsel Ba\u011flam Amerikan tarihinde d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 niteli\u011findeki bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma olan \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f 1861’de patlak verdi. K\u00f6lelik inkar edilemez bir \u015fekilde birincil kataliz\u00f6r olarak hizmet ederken,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23720,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1531,1001,765,27,2098,1565],"class_list":["post-15498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-united-states","tag-civil-war","tag-slavery","tag-history","tag-society","tag-reconstruction"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15498","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15498"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15498\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15499,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15498\/revisions\/15499"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}