M.\u00d6. 440\u2019da antik Yunan tarih\u00e7i Herodot, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe Avrasya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u0130skitlerin keneviri rit\u00fcel ama\u00e7l\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Herodot\u2019un yaz\u0131lar\u0131 keneviri zihin de\u011fi\u015ftirici bir madde olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en eski yaz\u0131l\u0131 kan\u0131t\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak bilim insanlar\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre iddialar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulayacak fiziksel kan\u0131tlardan yoksun kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Science Advances dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma nihayet kenevirin antik kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair apa\u00e7\u0131k kan\u0131t ortaya koydu. \u00c7inli ve Alman ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, \u00c7in\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki da\u011flardaki 2.500 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir mezarl\u0131kta kaz\u0131lan tahta k\u00e2seler\u2014ya da mangallar\u2014\u00fczerinde inceleme yapt\u0131. Mangallarda kenevirin psikoaktif etkisinden sorumlu THC\u2019ye ait belirgin izler bulundu.<\/p>\n\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma yazarlar\u0131, Jirzankal mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki t\u00f6renlerde insanlar\u0131n do\u011fayla, ruhlarla ya da \u00f6l\u00fclerle ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in kenevir i\u00e7ti\u011fine inan\u0131yor. Bu varsay\u0131m, mangallar\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fclerle ili\u015fkili bulunmas\u0131yla g\u00fc\u00e7leniyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, kenevir duman\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131pk\u0131 t\u00fcts\u00fc gibi kapal\u0131 bir alan\u0131 doldurarak insanlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f bir bilin\u00e7 durumuna y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, kenevirin evcille\u015ftirme tarihine de \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor. Kenevir ilk kez yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da tohumlar\u0131 ve lifleri i\u00e7in evcille\u015ftirildi. Ancak Jirzankal\u2019da tespit edilen kenevir t\u00fcrlerinin THC d\u00fczeyi olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fc; bu da insanlar\u0131n bitkinin zihinsel etkileri i\u00e7in yeti\u015ftirmeye daha yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemlerde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n
Jirzankal ke\u015ffi bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan k\u0131ymetli: \u00f6ncelikle kenevirin rit\u00fcel ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en eski kimyasal kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 sunuyor; ikinci olarak erken d\u00f6nem kenevir kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletiyor; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc antik \u00e7a\u011flarda kenevirin hem t\u0131bbi hem de ruhsal ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kenevire k\u00fclt\u00fcrler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla yakla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Baz\u0131 toplumlarda kenevir yayg\u0131n ve e\u011flence ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131rken baz\u0131lar\u0131nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 tabu say\u0131l\u0131yor. Jirzankal bulgular\u0131 ise kenevirin insanl\u0131k tarihinde uzun ve \u00e7e\u015fitli bir kullan\u0131m ge\u00e7mi\u015fi oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n
Jirzankal ke\u015ffi, Herodot\u2019un \u0130skitler aras\u0131nda kenevir kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc arkeolojik verilerle destekliyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n uyar\u0131c\u0131 madde kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve bu maddelerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmada arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n ne denli \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu bir kez daha g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Eski \u00c7a\u011flarda Kullan\u0131lan Kenevir: 2.500 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Mezarl\u0131ktan Arkeolojik Kan\u0131tlar Herodot\u2019un Anlat\u0131m\u0131 ve Fiziksel Kan\u0131t Aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 M.\u00d6. 440\u2019da antik Yunan tarih\u00e7i Herodot, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe Avrasya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u0130skitlerin keneviri rit\u00fcel ama\u00e7l\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25319,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[88,97,1797,18972,20839,1643,15402,20840,2113,20841,1727,1281,99],"class_list":["post-15676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-archaeology","tag-science","tag-history-of-science","tag-cannabis","tag-drug-use","tag-ancient-history","tag-pharmacology","tag-funerary-rites","tag-natural-products","tag-prehistoric-cultures","tag-rituals","tag-traditional-medicine","tag-lifescienceart"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15676"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25320,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15676\/revisions\/25320"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25319"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}