{"id":16352,"date":"2024-07-10T18:26:51","date_gmt":"2024-07-10T18:26:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16352"},"modified":"2024-07-10T18:26:51","modified_gmt":"2024-07-10T18:26:51","slug":"cannibalism-a-historical-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/science\/anthropology\/cannibalism-a-historical-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"Yamyaml\u0131k: Tarihsel Bir Perspektif"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yamyaml\u0131k: Tarihsel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

Yamyaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anlamak<\/h2>\n\n

\u0130nsan eti yeme eylemi olan yamyaml\u0131k, uzun ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahiptir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca bir hayatta kalma tekni\u011fi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir rit\u00fcel ve ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Hayatta Kalma Ama\u00e7l\u0131 Yamyaml\u0131k<\/h2>\n\n

A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 durumlarda, k\u0131tl\u0131klar veya vah\u015fi do\u011fada mahsur kalma gibi durumlarda insanlar hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in yamyaml\u0131\u011fa ba\u015fvurmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6nemli bir \u00f6rnek, 1846-47 k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Sierra Nevada da\u011flar\u0131nda mahsur kalan bir grup Amerikal\u0131 \u00f6nc\u00fc olan Donner Grubu’dur. Yiyecek kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fckettikten sonra, grubun baz\u0131 \u00fcyeleri hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in yamyaml\u0131\u011fa ba\u015fvurdu.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Rit\u00fceller ve Korkutma<\/h2>\n\n

Yamyaml\u0131k, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00fclt\u00fcrel uygulamalara da dahil edilmi\u015ftir. Baz\u0131 kabileler, \u00f6len akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n etini onurland\u0131rmak ve onlarla ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcketmi\u015flerdir. Baz\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde yamyaml\u0131k, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n etini yiyerek y\u00fcreklerine korku salmak i\u00e7in bir korkutma y\u00f6ntemi olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Yamyaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n Tarihsel Vakalar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

Colorado Yamyam\u0131: Alferd Packer<\/h2>\n\n

Colorado Yamyam\u0131 olarak bilinen Alferd Packer, 1874 y\u0131l\u0131nda alt\u0131 ki\u015filik bir gruba Colorado vah\u015fi do\u011fas\u0131na liderlik eden bir madenciydi. Adamlar kayboldu\u011funda Packer tek ba\u015f\u0131na geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve K\u0131z\u0131lderililer taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcklerini iddia etti. Ancak daha sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan deliller, Packer’\u0131n arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve yamyaml\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n

Boone Helm: Da\u011f Yamyam\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

Boone Helm, da\u011flarda iki ayr\u0131 ke\u015fif s\u0131ras\u0131nda yamyaml\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itiraf eden bir \u00f6nc\u00fcyd\u00fc. Yemek azald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n etini yedi\u011fini iddia etti.<\/p>\n\n

II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Yamyaml\u0131k<\/h2>\n\n

II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Japon askerlerinin Pasifik cephesinde yamyaml\u0131kla su\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi. Bir olayda, bir grup Japon askeri iki Amerikal\u0131 hava kuvvetleri pilotunun ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kesti ve etlerini t\u00fcketti. Bu olay, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk uyar\u0131nca yamyaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n yasal durumu hakk\u0131nda sorular\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirdi.<\/p>\n\n

Yamyaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n Hukuki Durumu<\/h2>\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkede yamyaml\u0131k yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde veya \u00e7o\u011fu Avrupa \u00fclkesinde buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zel yasalar bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bunun yerine, yamyaml\u0131k eylemlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ki\u015filer tipik olarak cinayet, cesetlere sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k veya nekrofili ile su\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Antik Yamyaml\u0131\u011fa Dair Kan\u0131tlar<\/h2>\n\n

Arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar, eski k\u00fclt\u00fcrler taraf\u0131ndan yamyaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bilim insanlar\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131 kesmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan b\u0131\u00e7aklarla tutarl\u0131 kesik izleri olan insan kemikleri ke\u015ffetmi\u015flerdir. Genetik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ayr\u0131ca, belirli pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n yamyaml\u0131kla ili\u015fkili enfeksiyonlara kar\u015f\u0131 genetik diren\u00e7 geli\u015ftirmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n

Yamyaml\u0131\u011fa Dair Modern Bak\u0131\u015f A\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yamyaml\u0131\u011fa genellikle deh\u015fet ve tiksintiyle bak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sosyal ve etik normlar\u0131 ihlal eden bir tabu uygulama olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ancak baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, yamyaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte insan pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n hayatta kalmas\u0131 ve evriminde rol oynam\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini savunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n\n

Yamyaml\u0131k, uzun ve de\u011fi\u015fken bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip karma\u015f\u0131k bir olgudur. Hayatta kalmaktan rit\u00fcele ve korkutmaya kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkede yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olsa da, tarih\u00e7iler, antropologlar ve di\u011fer akademisyenler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fclenme ve tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmaya devam etmektedir. Yamyaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarihini anlamak, insan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n karanl\u0131k y\u00f6nleri ve toplumlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n evrim ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi yollar hakk\u0131nda fikir verebilir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yamyaml\u0131k: Tarihsel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Yamyaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anlamak \u0130nsan eti yeme eylemi olan yamyaml\u0131k, uzun ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahiptir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca bir hayatta kalma tekni\u011fi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir rit\u00fcel ve ge\u00e7im…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[132,1280,63,1727,1839,6261,27,5793],"class_list":["post-16352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-anthropology","tag-ethics","tag-culture","tag-rituals","tag-survival","tag-taboo","tag-history","tag-cannibalism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16352"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16352\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16353,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16352\/revisions\/16353"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}