{"id":16925,"date":"2022-05-09T09:12:17","date_gmt":"2022-05-09T09:12:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16925"},"modified":"2022-05-09T09:12:17","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T09:12:17","slug":"tuskegee-airmen-trailblazing-black-military-pilots","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/uncategorized\/tuskegee-airmen-trailblazing-black-military-pilots\/","title":{"rendered":"Tuskegee Hava Pilotlar\u0131: Siyah Askeri Havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00d6nc\u00fcleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tuskegee Hava Pilotlar\u0131: Siyah Askeri Pilotlar\u0131n \u00d6nc\u00fcleri<\/h2>\n\n

\u0130lk Zorluklar<\/h2>\n\n

II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan \u00f6nce, Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131lar orduda sistematik \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yayd\u0131. Genellikle mutfak g\u00f6revi veya yol in\u015faat\u0131 gibi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z rollere atand\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n

Ancak Avrupa’daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u015fiddetlendik\u00e7e NAACP ve siyah gazeteler, Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n sava\u015f \u00e7abalar\u0131na daha fazla kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 savundu. 1941’de First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, 1881’de siyahlar i\u00e7in kurulan bir kolej olan Tuskegee Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fc ziyaret etti. Okulda sivil bir pilot program\u0131 veren Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 bir pilot olan Charles Alfred Anderson ile bir u\u00e7u\u015f yapt\u0131. Roosevelt’in deste\u011fi, siyah pilot adaylar\u0131na umut verdi.<\/p>\n\n

Moton Sahas\u0131’n\u0131n Kurulu\u015fu<\/h2>\n\n

O y\u0131l\u0131n ilerleyen aylar\u0131nda, Ordu Hava Kuvvetleri, Tuskegee Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’ne d\u00f6rt mil uzakl\u0131kta, siyah erkekler i\u00e7in bir e\u011fitim tesisi olan Moton Sahas\u0131’n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. \u0130lk 13 \u00f6\u011frenci, Tuskegee Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc yurtlar\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131 ve Anderson’dan temel u\u00e7u\u015f e\u011fitimi ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

99. Avc\u0131 Filosu<\/h2>\n\n

Hava Kuvvetleri’nin Tuskegee program\u0131nda sekiz ila on ayl\u0131k e\u011fitimden sonra, mezunlar \u00fclkenin ilk tamamen siyah birli\u011fi olan 99. Avc\u0131 Filosu’nu kurdu. 1943’te Afrika’ya konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lan 99., ilk muharebe g\u00f6revini Haziran 1943’te u\u00e7tu.<\/p>\n\n

Zorluklar\u0131n A\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 99., beyaz subaylardan \u015f\u00fcphecilik ve ele\u015ftiriyle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Sava\u015fta cesaretlerini kan\u0131tlamak zorundayd\u0131lar. Ekim 1943’te, Filo Komutan\u0131 Albay Benjamin O. Davis Jr., bir Sava\u015f Departman\u0131 komitesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde ifade verdi ve 99.’un \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla ve b\u00f6lgeye a\u015final\u0131k olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen herhangi bir yeni avc\u0131 filosu kadar iyi performans g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini savundu.<\/p>\n\n

Zaferler ve Takdir<\/h2>\n\n

27 Ocak 1944’te 99., \u0130talya’n\u0131n Ponziane Adalar\u0131’nda bir devriye u\u00e7u\u015fu s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zafer kazand\u0131. Ele\u015ftirmenlerini susturarak alt\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yok edip d\u00f6rt u\u00e7a\u011fa daha hasar verdiler. 99., rakiplerinin sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kazanarak zaferler kazanmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n sonunda, Tuskegee’de e\u011fitim alan 992 hava erinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 450’si deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f, 1.578 g\u00f6rev tamamlam\u0131\u015f, 260 d\u00fc\u015fman u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 imha etmi\u015f ve bir Alman sava\u015f gemisini bat\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 95 Distinguished Flying Cross ve bir Distinguished Unit Citation da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6d\u00fcl kazand\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n

Miras ve Etki<\/h2>\n\n

Tuskegee Hava Kuvvetleri’nin sava\u015ftaki performans\u0131, Ba\u015fkan Harry S. Truman’\u0131 1948’de orduda entegrasyonu ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren bir kararname imzalamaya ikna etti. Miraslar\u0131, modern sivil haklar hareketinin temelini att\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ulusal Park Servisi, Moton Sahas\u0131’nda Tuskegee Hava Kuvvetleri Ulusal Tarihi Sit Alan\u0131’n\u0131 kurdu. Sitede bir ziyaret\u00e7i merkezi ve bir m\u00fcze ve birimin baz\u0131 orijinal u\u00e7aklar\u0131yla restore edilmi\u015f bir Moton Sahas\u0131 planlar\u0131 yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n

Moton Sahas\u0131: Bir \u0130lham Sembol\u00fc<\/h2>\n\n

Moton Sahas\u0131, siyah havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fum yeri olarak \u00f6zel bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Orada e\u011fitim alan Tuskegee Hava Kuvvetleri, b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131 ancak cesaret, beceri ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stererek y\u0131lmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

Miraslar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131nda kariyer yapmaya ve t\u00fcm \u00e7abalar\u0131nda m\u00fckemmelli\u011fi hedeflemeye te\u015fvik etmeye devam ediyor. Siyah gen\u00e7ler i\u00e7in Tuskegee Hava Kuvvetleri bulu\u015fmalar\u0131, ilham kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r ve onlar\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131k kariyerleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ve daha adil ve e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir toplum i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya te\u015fvik eder.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tuskegee Hava Pilotlar\u0131: Siyah Askeri Pilotlar\u0131n \u00d6nc\u00fcleri \u0130lk Zorluklar II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan \u00f6nce, Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131lar orduda sistematik \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yayd\u0131. Genellikle mutfak g\u00f6revi veya yol in\u015faat\u0131 gibi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1242,41,596,4744,3533,4037,19004,22380,2897],"class_list":["post-16925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-military-history","tag-aviation-history","tag-inspiration","tag-heroes","tag-trailblazers","tag-civil-rights-movement","tag-black-history-month","tag-tuskegee-airmen","tag-overcoming-adversity"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16925"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16926,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16925\/revisions\/16926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}