{"id":16994,"date":"2024-06-05T21:58:15","date_gmt":"2024-06-05T21:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16994"},"modified":"2024-06-05T21:58:15","modified_gmt":"2024-06-05T21:58:15","slug":"european-printmakers-imaginative-colonial-american-cities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/art\/art-history\/european-printmakers-imaginative-colonial-american-cities\/","title":{"rendered":"Avrupal\u0131 Bask\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n Hayal G\u00fcc\u00fcnde S\u00f6m\u00fcrge Amerikan \u015eehirleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00f6m\u00fcrge Amerikan \u015eehirlerinin Avrupal\u0131 Bask\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n Hayal G\u00fcc\u00fcne Hitap Eden G\u00f6rselleri<\/h2>\n\n

Tarih\u00e7e<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Avrupal\u0131 bask\u0131c\u0131lar bir zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131lar: Hi\u00e7 ziyaret etmedikleri uzaktaki Amerikan s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u015fehirlerinin resimlerini yaratmak. Halk\u0131n bu egzotik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclere olan talebini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in sanat\u00e7\u0131lar hayal g\u00fc\u00e7lerine ba\u015fvurdular.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Ekonomik Motivasyonlar ve \u00d6zg\u00fcnl\u00fck Eksikli\u011fi<\/h2>\n\n

    Bask\u0131c\u0131lar genellikle zamandan ve paradan tasarruf etmek i\u00e7in tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 kopyalayarak mevcut sanat eserlerinden ilham ald\u0131lar. \u00d6zg\u00fcnl\u00fck kavram\u0131 hen\u00fcz sanat d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda tam olarak yerle\u015fmemi\u015fti, bu nedenle sanat\u00e7\u0131lar ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alma konusunda \u00e7ekince duymuyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

    Vues d’Optique’in Y\u00fckseli\u015fi<\/h2>\n\n

    Alman grav\u00fcrc\u00fcler Balthasar Friedrich Leizelt ve Franz Xaver Habermann, vues d’optique ad\u0131 verilen benzersiz bir bask\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc yaratt\u0131lar. Bu bask\u0131lar, onlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu g\u00f6steren optik bir cihaz olan zograskop arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmek \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

    Avrupal\u0131 \u015eehir Manzaralar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6d\u00fcn\u00e7 Al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

    \u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, Leizelt ve Habermann Amerikal\u0131 \u015fehir manzaralar\u0131n\u0131 bu \u015fehirlerin ger\u00e7ek tasvirlerine dayand\u0131rmad\u0131lar. Bunun yerine, mevcut Avrupa \u015fehir manzaralar\u0131ndan ilham ald\u0131lar. Bu, son derece yanl\u0131\u015f ve abart\u0131l\u0131 temsillere yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

    Philadelphia ve New York’un Kurgusal G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleri<\/h2>\n\n

    \u00d6rne\u011fin, “Philadelphie” ve “La nouvelle Yorck” bask\u0131lar\u0131, \u0130ngiltere’nin Deptford kentindeki bir tersanenin manzaras\u0131ndan kopyalanan unsurlar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor. Bu liman sahneleri, temsil etmeleri ama\u00e7lanan s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u015fehirleriyle \u00e7ok az benzerlik ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n

    Boston ve Kral III. George Heykelinin Hatal\u0131 Tasvirleri<\/h2>\n\n

    Leizelt ve Habermann’\u0131n Boston’daki King Street’in g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemi Boston’\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olacak g\u00f6steri\u015fli bir Presbiteryen kilisesi ile hareketli bir sokak sahnesi g\u00f6steriyor. Benzer \u015fekilde, New York \u015fehrindeki Kral III. George heykelinin y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tasvir etmeleri hatal\u0131 bir heykel i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n\n

    Do\u011fruluktan Ziyade E\u011flence De\u011feri<\/h2>\n\n

    Yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Leizelt ve Habermann’\u0131n vues d’optique’leri sosyal toplant\u0131larda pop\u00fcler bir e\u011flenceydi. \u0130nsanlar zograskoptan bakmaktan ve canl\u0131 renkler ve optik yan\u0131lsamalara hayran kalmaktan keyif al\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

    Leizelt ve Habermann Bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Son Zamanlarda Eri\u015filebilirli\u011fi<\/h2>\n\n

    Michigan \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki Clements K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, Leizelt ve Habermann’\u0131n vues d’optique’lerinin \u00f6nemli bir koleksiyonuna sahiptir. Bu bask\u0131lar yak\u0131n zamanda Michigan \u00dcniversitesi K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi Katalog Aramas\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla eri\u015filebilir hale getirildi ve yak\u0131nda Clements G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc Bankas\u0131’na eklenecek.<\/p>\n\n

    Avrupal\u0131 Bask\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n Etkisi<\/h2>\n\n

    Avrupal\u0131 bask\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrge Amerikan \u015fehirlerinin tasvirleri genellikle yanl\u0131\u015f olsa da, halk\u0131n bu uzak diyarlar hakk\u0131ndaki alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendirmede ilgin\u00e7 bir rol oynad\u0131lar. Hayal g\u00fc\u00e7lerine dayanan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri, Atlantik’in \u00f6tesindeki egzotik ve bilinmeyen d\u00fcnyaya bir bak\u0131\u015f sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    S\u00f6m\u00fcrge Amerikan \u015eehirlerinin Avrupal\u0131 Bask\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n Hayal G\u00fcc\u00fcne Hitap Eden G\u00f6rselleri Tarih\u00e7e ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Avrupal\u0131 bask\u0131c\u0131lar bir zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131lar: Hi\u00e7 ziyaret etmedikleri uzaktaki Amerikan s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u015fehirlerinin resimlerini yaratmak.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23604,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[710],"tags":[21838,22453,22456,22455,15853,22454,22457,99],"class_list":["post-16994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-art-history","tag-printmaking","tag-european-printmakers","tag-imaginative-visions","tag-historical-inaccuracy","tag-colonial-america","tag-fictionalized-depictions","tag-vues-doptique","tag-lifescienceart"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16994"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16995,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16994\/revisions\/16995"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}