\u00d6nemli bir ke\u015fifte, \u00fcnl\u00fc filozof John Locke’un daha \u00f6nce bilinmeyen bir el yazmas\u0131 Maryland’deki St. John’s College’da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. “Katolikleri Di\u011ferleriyle E\u015fit \u015eekilde Ho\u015fg\u00f6rme Nedenleri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 el yazmas\u0131, Locke’un dini ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine ili\u015fkin uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden varsay\u0131mlara meydan okuyor.<\/p>\n\n
1667-8’de yaz\u0131lan el yazmas\u0131, Locke’un dini ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc hakk\u0131ndaki ilk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine bir bak\u0131\u015f sunuyor. Genellikle din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn savunucusu olarak tasvir edilen Locke’un, Katoliklere kar\u015f\u0131 olumsuz g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahip oldu\u011fu ve onlardan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde “Papistler” olarak bahsetti\u011fi bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n\n
Ancak yeni ke\u015ffedilen el yazmas\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Locke, Katoliklerin ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekti\u011fini savunuyor ve bunun prensin ve Milletler Toplulu\u011fu’nun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn bar\u0131\u015f ve istikrar\u0131 te\u015fvik ederek krall\u0131\u011fa fayda sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n
El yazmas\u0131 ayr\u0131ca Locke’un dini ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc hakk\u0131ndaki sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenlerine de \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor. “Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc \u00dczerine Bir Mektup” adl\u0131 temel incelemesinde bulunan fikirlerin \u00e7o\u011fu ilk olarak bu erken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Locke’un dini ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, ABD Anayasas\u0131’nda kilise ile devletin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyerek Bat\u0131 liberal demokrasisinin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biri haline geldi.<\/p>\n\n
El yazmas\u0131, Katolikleri ho\u015fg\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in nedenleri \u00f6zetleyen bir liste ve buna kar\u015f\u0131 nedenleri \u00f6zetleyen ba\u015fka bir liste olmak \u00fczere iki liste bi\u00e7iminde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Siyaset bilimci Cole Simmons, Locke’un Katolikleri ho\u015fg\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedenlerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n prensin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Katoliklere ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6stermeme nedenleri Milletler Toplulu\u011fu’na sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 potansiyel faydalara dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n
El yazmas\u0131n\u0131n analizi ayr\u0131ca bunun Sir Charles Wolseley’in “Vicdan \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Y\u00f6neticilerin \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131d\u0131r” adl\u0131 bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcne bir cevap oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6stermektedir. Locke, Wolseley’in arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131yla me\u015fgul oluyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ve konuyla ilgili kendi bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sunuyor.<\/p>\n\n
El yazmas\u0131n\u0131n St. John’s College’a yolculu\u011fu gizemle \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Locke’un ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve \u00c7avdar Evi Komplosu’nun engellenmesinin ard\u0131ndan arkada\u015f\u0131 Edward Clarke’a verildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Clarke’\u0131n ailesi el yazmas\u0131n\u0131 1920’lere kadar, a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rmaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamana kadar elinde tutmu\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n\n
Locke’un el yazmas\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffi, Locke ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir olayd\u0131r. Dini ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine ili\u015fkin \u00f6nceki varsay\u0131mlara meydan okuyor ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin geli\u015fimi hakk\u0131nda yeni bilgiler sa\u011fl\u0131yor. El yazmas\u0131, Bat\u0131 liberal demokrasisinin k\u00f6kenlerini anlamak i\u00e7in de\u011ferli bir birincil kaynak g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
John Locke’un Dini Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc \u00dczerine Kay\u0131p El Yazmas\u0131 Bilinmeyen Bir El Yazmas\u0131n\u0131n Ke\u015ffi \u00d6nemli bir ke\u015fifte, \u00fcnl\u00fc filozof John Locke’un daha \u00f6nce bilinmeyen bir el yazmas\u0131 Maryland’deki St. John’s College’da…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[22748,22747,98,22746,27],"class_list":["post-17270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-western-liberalism","tag-religious-tolerance","tag-philosophy","tag-john-locke","tag-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17270"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17270\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17271,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17270\/revisions\/17271"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17270"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}