\u00c7ocuk felci, di\u011fer ad\u0131yla polio, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda her y\u0131l Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde binlerce insan\u0131 fel\u00e7 eden son derece bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131. Hastal\u0131k kirli su veya g\u0131dayla bula\u015f\u0131yor ve tedavisi yoktu.<\/p>\n\n
Polio \u00fclkeyi kas\u0131p kavururken, iki d\u00e2hi bilim insan\u0131 Jonas Salk ve Albert Sabin, zamanla yar\u0131\u015farak bir a\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Salk \u00f6l\u00fc vir\u00fcs a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131rken, Sabin a\u011f\u0131zdan al\u0131nan canl\u0131 vir\u00fcs a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Jonas Salk 1914\u2019te New York City\u2019de do\u011fdu. Zeki bir \u00f6\u011frenciydi ve t\u0131bbi ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n entelekt\u00fcel zorluklar\u0131ndan ilham al\u0131yordu. T\u0131p fak\u00fcltesinden mezun olduktan sonra \u00e7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Salk\u2019\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, v\u00fccudun ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini polioya kar\u015f\u0131 antikor \u00fcretmeye te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fc vir\u00fcs kullanmakt\u0131. Maymun b\u00f6brek h\u00fccre k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinde \u00e7ocuk felci vir\u00fcslerini yeti\u015ftirdi, formaldehit ile \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc ve ard\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fc vir\u00fcs\u00fc maymunlara enjekte etti. Deneyler i\u015fe yarad\u0131 ve Salk insan denemelerine ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n
Albert Sabin 1906\u2019da Polonya\u2019da do\u011fdu. 1921\u2019de Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ne geldi ve New York \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde t\u0131p okudu. Mezun olduktan sonra \u00e7ocuk felcinin nedenleri \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Sabin, \u00e7ocuk felci vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ince ba\u011f\u0131rsakta ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetti. A\u011f\u0131zdan al\u0131nan bir a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n vir\u00fcs\u00fcn kan dola\u015f\u0131\u0131m\u0131na girmesini engelleyerek yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce onu yok edebilece\u011fine inand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Salk\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fc vir\u00fcs a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 1954\u2019te b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 bir alan denemesinde test edildi. Yakla\u015f\u0131k iki milyon okul \u00e7ocu\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde olumluydu. A\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli ve etkiliydi ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ndeki \u00e7ocuk felci vakalar\u0131n\u0131 dramatik bi\u00e7imde azaltt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Sabin\u2019in a\u011f\u0131zdan al\u0131nan canl\u0131 vir\u00fcs a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 denemelerde test edildi. Sonu\u00e7lar yine olumluydu ve a\u015f\u0131 1963\u2019te Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde kullan\u0131m\u0131 onayland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Sabin\u2019in a\u011f\u0131zdan al\u0131nan a\u015f\u0131s\u0131, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada \u00e7ocuk felcinin yok edilmesi i\u00e7in standart a\u015f\u0131 h\u00e2line geldi. A\u015f\u0131 ucuz ve uygulamas\u0131 kolayd\u0131r ve \u00e7ocuk felcinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemede son derece etkilidir.<\/p>\n\n
\u00c7ocuk felci art\u0131k d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fundan yok edilmi\u015f durumda, ancak baz\u0131 geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde h\u00e2l\u00e2 tehdit olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Yine de Jonas Salk, Albert Sabin ve di\u011fer bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n yorulmak bilmez \u00e7abalar\u0131 sayesinde \u00e7ocuk felci bir zamanlar oldu\u011fu bela de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n
Jonas Salk ve Albert Sabin, t\u0131p tarihinin en \u00f6nemli fig\u00fcrlerinden ikisidir. \u00c7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131z hayat kurtarm\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yer h\u00e2line getirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n
Salk\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fc vir\u00fcs a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 geli\u015ftirilen ilk a\u015f\u0131yd\u0131 ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde \u00e7ocuk felci insidans\u0131n\u0131 azaltmada b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynad\u0131. Sabin\u2019in a\u011f\u0131zdan al\u0131nan canl\u0131 vir\u00fcs a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 bug\u00fcn kullan\u0131lan standart a\u015f\u0131d\u0131r ve k\u00fcresel \u00e7ocuk felci yok etme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n
Salk ve Sabin\u2019in miras\u0131, yenilik, adanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ve azmin bir miras\u0131d\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, bilimin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ve hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede i\u015f birli\u011finin \u00f6neminin bir kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00c7ocuk Felcine Kar\u015f\u0131 Yar\u0131\u015f: Jonas Salk ve Albert Sabin \u00c7ocuk Felcinin Belas\u0131 \u00c7ocuk felci, di\u011fer ad\u0131yla polio, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda her y\u0131l Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde binlerce insan\u0131 fel\u00e7 eden…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25313,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359],"tags":[4023,178,4022,4024,705],"class_list":["post-1879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medicine","tag-albert-sabin","tag-public-health","tag-jonas-salk","tag-polio-vaccine","tag-medical-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1879"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25314,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1879\/revisions\/25314"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}