{"id":2736,"date":"2019-07-27T21:03:25","date_gmt":"2019-07-27T21:03:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2736"},"modified":"2019-07-27T21:03:25","modified_gmt":"2019-07-27T21:03:25","slug":"shoe-rationing-during-world-war-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/uncategorized\/shoe-rationing-during-world-war-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Ayakkab\u0131 Karneye Ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda: \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;ndan Bir Diren\u00e7 ve Yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k Hikayesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;nda Ayakkab\u0131 Karneye Ba\u011fland\u0131: Tarihsel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Arka Plan<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, ayakkab\u0131lar da dahil olmak \u00fczere temel ihtiya\u00e7 maddelerinin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in bir karne sistemi uygulamaya koydu. Bu \u00f6nlem, askeri ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in deri ve kau\u00e7u\u011fa olan talebin artmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Karne Program\u0131<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u015eubat 1943&#8217;te Fiyat \u0130daresi Ofisi (OPA), Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n ayakkab\u0131 sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in kuponlara ihtiya\u00e7 duyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Herkes y\u0131lda \u00fc\u00e7 kupon al\u0131yordu; belirli meslekler ve durumlar i\u00e7in istisnalar vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00fcketiciler \u00dczerindeki Etkisi<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ayakkab\u0131 karneye ba\u011flanmas\u0131 Amerikan t\u00fcketiciler \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir etkiye sahip oldu. Sat\u0131n al\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 dikkatle de\u011ferlendirmek zorunda kald\u0131lar ve genellikle daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ve pratik ayakkab\u0131lar se\u00e7tiler. Program ayn\u0131 zamanda ikinci el ayakkab\u0131lara ve plastik ve ke\u00e7e gibi karneye tabi olmayan malzemelerden yap\u0131lan ayakkab\u0131lara olan talebin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Endi\u015feler ve Ele\u015ftiriler<\/h2>\n\n<p>Karne program\u0131 baz\u0131 ele\u015ftirilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 bunun t\u00fcketicileri gereksiz al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fler i\u00e7in kuponlar\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015fa harcamaya te\u015fvik etti\u011fini savundu. Ancak foto\u011frafik kan\u0131tlar, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yapanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun sorumlu davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Karaborsa Faaliyetleri<\/h2>\n\n<p>Karne sistemine ra\u011fmen ayakkab\u0131lar i\u00e7in bir karaborsa ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. D\u00fcr\u00fcst olmayan ma\u011faza sahipleri ve simsarlar, kuponlar\u0131 ve ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131 yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollarla satt\u0131lar. Bu faaliyetler program\u0131n etkinli\u011fini baltalad\u0131 ve kurallara uyan t\u00fcketiciler aras\u0131nda k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Yarat\u0131c\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler<\/h2>\n\n<p>Amerikal\u0131lar, karne k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmak i\u00e7in yarat\u0131c\u0131 yollar buldular. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ikinci el ma\u011fazalardan ayakkab\u0131 ald\u0131 veya ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tamir ettirdi. Di\u011ferleri, karneye tabi olmayan malzemelerden ayakkab\u0131 yapmak gibi kendin yap y\u00f6ntemlerine ba\u015fvurdu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Karne Sisteminin Sonu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ayakkab\u0131 karneye ba\u011flanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve Ekim 1945&#8217;te sona erdi. OPA ba\u015fkan\u0131 Chester Bowles, k\u0131tl\u0131k zamanlar\u0131nda adil bir ayakkab\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bunu bir ba\u015far\u0131 olarak nitelendirdi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Miras\u0131<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda uygulanan ayakkab\u0131 karneye ba\u011flanmas\u0131 Amerikan ayakkab\u0131 end\u00fcstrisi \u00fczerinde kal\u0131c\u0131 bir etkiye sahip oldu. \u00dcreticileri yenilik yapmaya ve yeni malzemeler geli\u015ftirmeye zorlad\u0131 ve \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda moda trendlerini etkiledi. Program ayn\u0131 zamanda Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n sava\u015f \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in yapmaya haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131 fedakarl\u0131klar\u0131n bir hat\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak hizmet etti.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ek Detaylar<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Karne program\u0131 et, s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, \u015feker, benzin ve lastik gibi di\u011fer temel ihtiya\u00e7 malzemelerini de kaps\u0131yordu.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n kau\u00e7u\u011funun \u00e7o\u011funun \u00fcretildi\u011fi G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya&#8217;n\u0131n Japonya&#8217;n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc, ayakkab\u0131 \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in kau\u00e7uk k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/li>\n<li>OPA, ayakkab\u0131 \u00fcreticilerine s\u0131k\u0131 kurallar getirdi ve kullan\u0131labilecek renkleri, stilleri ve malzemeleri s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Karneye ba\u011flamaya ra\u011fmen Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n ayakkab\u0131 se\u00e7imleriyle bireyselliklerini ifade etme yollar\u0131 bulmaya devam ettiler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;nda Ayakkab\u0131 Karneye Ba\u011fland\u0131: Tarihsel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f Arka Plan \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, ayakkab\u0131lar da dahil olmak \u00fczere temel ihtiya\u00e7 maddelerinin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in bir karne&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[5454,56,5451,2696,5452,27,5453],"class_list":["post-2736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-black-market","tag-world-war-ii","tag-rationing","tag-fashion","tag-shoes","tag-history","tag-consumer-behavior"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2736"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2737,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2736\/revisions\/2737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}