{"id":2752,"date":"2020-03-11T03:32:53","date_gmt":"2020-03-11T03:32:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2752"},"modified":"2020-03-11T03:32:53","modified_gmt":"2020-03-11T03:32:53","slug":"14th-century-papal-bull-fragment-unearthed-in-poland","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/science\/archaeology\/14th-century-papal-bull-fragment-unearthed-in-poland\/","title":{"rendered":"Polonya’da Orta \u00c7a\u011f Papal Ferman\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131r\u0131k M\u00fchr\u00fc Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Polonya’da Orta \u00c7a\u011f Papal Ferman\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131r\u0131k M\u00fchr\u00fc Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

Papal\u0131k Ferman\u0131 Par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n Ke\u015ffi<\/h2>\n\n

Polonya’da, 14. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma bir papal\u0131k ferman\u0131na ait kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir kur\u015fun m\u00fch\u00fcr par\u00e7as\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak \u00f6nemli bir arkeolojik ke\u015fif yap\u0131ld\u0131. Eser, metal dedekt\u00f6r\u00fc kullanan Jacek Ukowski taraf\u0131ndan, Polonya’daki Wysoka Kamie\u0144ska k\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulundu. Bu ke\u015fif, b\u00f6lgede bulunan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc papal\u0131k ferman\u0131 par\u00e7as\u0131 olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n

Papal\u0131k Fermanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nemi<\/h2>\n\n

Papal\u0131k fermanlar\u0131, geleneksel olarak metal bir m\u00fch\u00fcrle kapat\u0131lan, Roma Katolik Kilisesi’nin ba\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan resmi bildirilerdi. Azizlerin kanonla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve dogmatik a\u00e7\u0131klamalar gibi \u00f6nemli mesajlar\u0131 iletmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131. “Papal\u0131k ferman\u0131” terimi, “m\u00fch\u00fcr” anlam\u0131na gelen Latince “bulla” kelimesinden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n

Par\u00e7an\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n\n

Par\u00e7a, y\u00fczeyinde Roma rakamlar\u0131 ve harfleri kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kur\u015fun par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bunun, 1303-1352 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir papal\u0131k ferman\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olabilece\u011fine inan\u0131yor. Par\u00e7adaki yaz\u0131 hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f durumda ve bu da onu yay\u0131nlayan belirli papay\u0131 kesin olarak tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n

Olas\u0131 K\u00f6kenler<\/h2>\n\n

Harflerin ve ikonografinin stiline dayanarak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, eserin 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f d\u00f6rt papadan biriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fcler: XI. Benedictus, V. Clemens, XII. Benedictus veya VI. Clemens. Ancak kesin k\u00f6kenini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

\u00d6nceki Ke\u015fifler<\/h2>\n\n

Bu ke\u015fiften \u00f6nce, ayn\u0131 Polonya eyaletinde iki adet papal\u0131k ferman\u0131 par\u00e7as\u0131 daha bulunmu\u015ftu. \u0130lki, XII. Benedictus (1334-1342) d\u00f6nemine tarihlenen, sa\u011flam bir m\u00fch\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u0130kincisi ise VIII. Innocentius (1484-1492) d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilecek bir par\u00e7ayd\u0131. Her \u00fc\u00e7 par\u00e7a da \u015fu anda Kamie\u0144 Land Tarihi M\u00fczesi’nde sergilenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n

Ke\u015ffin \u00d6nemi<\/h2>\n\n

M\u00fczenin m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Grzegorz Kurka’ya g\u00f6re Polonya’da yaln\u0131zca bir d\u00fczine kadar papal\u0131k ferman\u0131 ke\u015ffedildi ve bu da onlar\u0131 nadir ve de\u011ferli eserler haline getiriyor. Bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc par\u00e7an\u0131n ke\u015ffi, m\u00fczenin koleksiyonuna ekleniyor ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara papal\u0131k tarihi ve papal\u0131k otoritesinin orta\u00e7a\u011f Polonyas\u0131’nda yay\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ek bilgiler sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclmemi\u015f Gizemler<\/h2>\n\n

Par\u00e7an\u0131n ke\u015ffine ra\u011fmen, k\u00f6kenleri hakk\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok soru cevaps\u0131z kal\u0131yor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, ferman\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yere nas\u0131l geldi\u011finden hala emin de\u011filler. Ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6lgeden toprakla ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini veya yeni bir yol y\u00fczeyi in\u015fa edilirken kaybolmu\u015f olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. Eserin kesin k\u00f6keni muhtemelen bir gizem olarak kalacak.<\/p>\n\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n\n

Polonya’da papal\u0131k ferman\u0131 par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffi, Katolik Kilisesi’nin zengin tarihine ve liderlerinin kal\u0131c\u0131 miras\u0131na bir kan\u0131tt\u0131r. Eser, papal\u0131k makam\u0131n\u0131n orta\u00e7a\u011f d\u00f6nemindeki uygulamalar\u0131 ve ileti\u015fim y\u00f6ntemleri hakk\u0131nda de\u011ferli bilgiler sunmaktad\u0131r. K\u00f6kenlerini \u00e7evreleyen baz\u0131 gizemler hi\u00e7bir zaman tam olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemese de, par\u00e7a Polonya’n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Polonya’da Orta \u00c7a\u011f Papal Ferman\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131r\u0131k M\u00fchr\u00fc Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131 Papal\u0131k Ferman\u0131 Par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n Ke\u015ffi Polonya’da, 14. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma bir papal\u0131k ferman\u0131na ait kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir kur\u015fun m\u00fch\u00fcr par\u00e7as\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak \u00f6nemli bir…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[88,5473,1026,5474,1677],"class_list":["post-2752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-archaeology","tag-religious-artifacts","tag-medieval-history","tag-papal-bulls","tag-poland"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2752","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2752"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2752\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2753,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2752\/revisions\/2753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2752"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2752"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2752"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}