30 Haziran 1864’te Ba\u015fkan Abraham Lincoln, koruma ve kamu arazisi y\u00f6netimi tarihinde d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 niteli\u011finde bir olay olan Yosemite Hibe Yasas\u0131n\u0131 imzalad\u0131. Bu Yasa, “Yo-Semite Vadisi”ni ve yak\u0131ndaki Mariposa Big Tree Grove’u Kaliforniya eyaletine, arazinin “kamu kullan\u0131m\u0131, dinlenme ve rekreasyon i\u00e7in” tutulmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ko\u015fuluyla verdi.<\/p>\n\n
Bu Yasa, \u00f6nceki arazi kullan\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir sapma te\u015fkil etti ve ulusal park sistemi i\u00e7in emsal te\u015fkil etti. Amerikan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin halk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir vah\u015fi ya\u015fam alan\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi ilk olayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Yosemite Hibe Yasas\u0131, Yosemite Vadisi’nin y\u00f6netimini ve halk\u0131n dinlenmesi i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmesini Kaliforniya’ya emanet etti. Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f peyzaj mimar\u0131 Frederick Law Olmsted’i de i\u00e7eren yeni atanan Yosemite Komiserler Kurulu, korumay\u0131 eri\u015filebilirlikle dengeleme zorlu\u011fuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Olmsted, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ziyaret\u00e7i kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n potansiyelini \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc ve park\u0131n do\u011fal g\u00fczelli\u011fini korumak i\u00e7in \u00f6nlemleri savundu. Bu endi\u015felere ra\u011fmen, Yosemite’deki turizm h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc ve 1872’de Yosemite Ulusal Park\u0131’n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na ve 1903’te kontrol\u00fcn federal h\u00fck\u00fcmete devredilmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Yerli olmayan yerle\u015fimcilerin geli\u015finden \u00f6nce Yosemite Vadisi, K\u0131z\u0131lderili kabilelerine ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yordu. Toprakla ve kaynaklar\u0131yla olan derin ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131, park\u0131n geli\u015fimini etkiledi. Bununla birlikte, 1849 alt\u0131n h\u00fccumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda madencilerin ve yerle\u015fimcilerin ak\u0131n\u0131, Yerli Amerikal\u0131lar’\u0131n yerinden edilmesine ve m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve bu da Yosemite tarihinde trajik bir b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n
Yosemite Hibe Yasas\u0131, di\u011fer ulusal parklar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir model g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. On y\u0131ldan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, savunucular Kanunu, 1872’de Amerika’n\u0131n ilk ulusal park\u0131 olan Yellowstone’un korunmas\u0131n\u0131 savunmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n
Yellowstone Ulusal Park\u0131 Koruma Yasas\u0131’n\u0131n dili, “halk\u0131n yarar\u0131na ve kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik” arazinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak Yosemite Hibe Yasas\u0131’n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131yordu. Bu ilke, ulusal park sisteminin temel ta\u015f\u0131 haline geldi ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri genelinde do\u011fal harikalar\u0131n y\u00f6netimi ve korunmas\u0131na rehberlik etti.<\/p>\n\n
Yosemite ve di\u011fer ulusal parklar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, kamu arazisi y\u00f6netiminin \u00f6nemini vurgulad\u0131. Bu korunan alanlar yaln\u0131zca rekreasyon f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 sa\u011flamakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda de\u011ferli ekosistemleri, do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 da korur.<\/p>\n\n
Yosemite Hibe Yasas\u0131 ve miras\u0131, kamu arazilerinin gelecek nesiller i\u00e7in korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarken, ayn\u0131 zamanda halk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k hale getirilmesini de sa\u011flayan sorumlu y\u00f6netiminin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor.<\/p>\n\n
\u00d6nde gelen bir peyzaj mimar\u0131 olan Frederick Law Olmsted, Yosemite’nin geli\u015ftirilmesinde kilit bir rol oynad\u0131. Korumay\u0131 halk\u0131n eri\u015fimiyle dengeleme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 fark etti ve park\u0131n do\u011fal g\u00fczelli\u011fini korumak i\u00e7in \u00f6nlemleri savundu.<\/p>\n\n
Olmsted’in Yosemite vizyonu, \u00e7evresel etkiyi en aza indirirken park\u0131 ziyaret\u00e7ilere daha eri\u015filebilir k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in fayton yollar\u0131 ve patikalar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesini i\u00e7eriyordu. Ayr\u0131ca park\u0131n vah\u015fi karakterini koruma ve kal\u0131c\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6nemini vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Yosemite Hibe Yasas\u0131, eyalet taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen parklardan federal olarak y\u00f6netilen ulusal parklara ge\u00e7i\u015fi i\u015faret etti. Bu de\u011fi\u015fim, bu korunan alanlar\u0131n ulusal \u00f6neminin artan \u015fekilde tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00f6netimleri i\u00e7in koordineli bir yakla\u015f\u0131ma duyulan ihtiyac\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n
1872’de Yosemite Ulusal Park\u0131’n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan di\u011fer ulusal parklar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nin \u00e7e\u015fitli do\u011fal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n\u0131 sergileyen kapsaml\u0131 bir korunan alanlar sisteminin temelini att\u0131.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Yosemite: Ulusal Park Sisteminin \u00d6nc\u00fcs\u00fc Lincoln’\u00fcn \u0130mzas\u0131 ve Halk Parklar\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu\u015fu 30 Haziran 1864’te Ba\u015fkan Abraham Lincoln, koruma ve kamu arazisi y\u00f6netimi tarihinde d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 niteli\u011finde bir olay olan Yosemite…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[237],"tags":[252,5813,401,5812,27,250,5811],"class_list":["post-2967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nature-and-environment","tag-nature","tag-frederick-law-olmsted","tag-conservation","tag-landscape-architecture","tag-history","tag-national-parks","tag-yosemite-national-park"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2967"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2967\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2968,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2967\/revisions\/2968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}