1991’de \u00dcrd\u00fcn’deki Humayma’n\u0131n antik \u0130slam ticaret karakolunda kaz\u0131 yapan arkeologlar, o zamandan beri bilinen en eski satran\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kumta\u015f\u0131 heykelcik buldular. Bir in\u00e7ten k\u0131sa y\u00fckseklikte olan iki u\u00e7lu kale, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bir sunak oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc, ancak daha detayl\u0131 incelemeler ger\u00e7ek do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, Humayma kalesini sitin tarihsel ba\u011flam\u0131na ve oyman\u0131n stiline dayanarak MS 680-749 y\u0131llar\u0131na tarihlendirdiler. Bu, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Emevi ailesinin b\u00f6lgeyi kontrol etti\u011fi Emevi d\u00f6nemine denk gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n
Humayma kalesinin ke\u015ffi, satranc\u0131n \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmaktad\u0131r. Satran\u00e7 muhtemelen alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hindistan’da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Persler aras\u0131nda pop\u00fclerlik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda oyun Orta Do\u011fu’ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve hem M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar hem de Hristiyanlar taraf\u0131ndan oynan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n
Humayma, 750’de Emev\u00eeleri deviren ve 1258’e kadar \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131na h\u00fckmeden Abb\u00e2s\u00ee ailesinin memleketiydi. Abb\u00e2s\u00eeler sanat ve bilimin himayeleriyle tan\u0131n\u0131yorlard\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle satranc\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda bir rol oynad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n
Satran\u00e7, erken \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda h\u0131zla pop\u00fcler bir e\u011flence haline geldi. Elitten avam halka kadar her s\u0131n\u0131ftan insanlar taraf\u0131ndan seviliyordu. Oyun, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 gidermenin ve entelekt\u00fcel uyar\u0131m\u0131 te\u015fvik etmenin bir yolu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n
Humayma’n\u0131n iki u\u00e7lu kalesi, iki at taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilen bir sava\u015f arabas\u0131 olan satran\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n orijinal bi\u00e7imindeki bir varyasyondur. Satran\u00e7 \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131na geldi\u011finde, kalenin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc fig\u00fcratif tasvirlerin yasaklanmas\u0131 nedeniyle de\u011fi\u015fti. Ancak ta\u015f, Fars\u00e7ada “sava\u015f arabas\u0131” anlam\u0131na gelen “rukh” olan orijinal ad\u0131n\u0131 korudu. Avrupal\u0131lar y\u00fczy\u0131llar sonra oyunu benimsediklerinde, u\u00e7lar\u0131 kalelerde veya kulelerde duvar i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi olarak yorumlad\u0131lar ve b\u00f6ylece kale bug\u00fcnk\u00fc halini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Humayma kalesi kesin olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bilinen en eski satran\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131 olsa da, unvana sahip olabilecek ba\u015fka \u00f6rnekler de vard\u0131r. 1977’de \u00d6zbekistan’da bulunan bir dizi fig\u00fcrin MS 700 y\u0131l\u0131na tarihlenmektedir ve 2002’de Arnavutluk’ta bir Bizans saray\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan fildi\u015fi bir par\u00e7a, tepesinde bir ha\u00e7 bulunan modern bir satran\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131na benzemektedir. Ancak ele\u015ftirmenler, satranc\u0131n tarihte bu noktada hen\u00fcz icat edilmemi\u015f olabilece\u011fini savunuyorlar.<\/p>\n\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, muhtemelen bulunmay\u0131 bekleyen daha eski satran\u00e7 ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. Oyun, Humayma kalesi oyulmadan en az bir as\u0131r \u00f6nce icat edildi ve daha erken \u00f6rneklerin var olmas\u0131 muhtemeldir. Gelecekteki arkeolojik ke\u015fifler, bu kadim ve sevilen oyunun k\u00f6kenleri ve evrimi hakk\u0131nda daha fazla \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutabilir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00dcrd\u00fcn’de En Eski Satran\u00e7 Ta\u015f\u0131 Bulundu, Oyunun K\u00f6kenleri Hakk\u0131nda I\u015f\u0131k Tutuyor Humayma Kalesinin Ke\u015ffi 1991’de \u00dcrd\u00fcn’deki Humayma’n\u0131n antik \u0130slam ticaret karakolunda kaz\u0131 yapan arkeologlar, o zamandan beri bilinen en eski…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[6775,88,6776,6773,6771,6772,6774],"class_list":["post-3576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-abbasids","tag-archaeology","tag-humayma-rook","tag-islamic-history","tag-chess","tag-chess-history","tag-umayyads"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3576"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3577,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3576\/revisions\/3577"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}