{"id":4056,"date":"2024-05-24T14:31:25","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T14:31:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4056"},"modified":"2024-05-24T14:31:25","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T14:31:25","slug":"why-we-talk-so-much-nonsense-the-science-of-bullshitting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/science\/psychology\/why-we-talk-so-much-nonsense-the-science-of-bullshitting\/","title":{"rendered":"Neden Bu Kadar Sa\u00e7mal\u0131yoruz? Sa\u00e7mal\u0131k Bilimi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Neden Bu Kadar Sa\u00e7mal\u0131yoruz?<\/h2>\n\n

Sa\u00e7mal\u0131k Bilimi<\/h2>\n\n

Hepimiz kendimizi ger\u00e7e\u011fi ve mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemseyen rasyonel varl\u0131klar olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekten ho\u015flan\u0131r\u0131z. Ancak ger\u00e7ek \u015fu ki, hepimiz bazen sa\u00e7malama e\u011filimindeyiz. Bu fenomen “sa\u00e7malama” olarak bilinir.<\/p>\n\n

Sa\u00e7malama, “kan\u0131tlarla veya yerle\u015fik semantik, mant\u0131ksal, sistemik veya ampirik bilgiyle \u00e7ok az veya hi\u00e7 ilgilenmeden ileti\u015fim i\u00e7eren yayg\u0131n bir sosyal davran\u0131\u015f” olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, do\u011fru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemsemeden \u015feyler uydurmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Neden Sa\u00e7malar\u0131z?<\/h2>\n\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re, sa\u00e7malamaya katk\u0131da bulunan iki ana fakt\u00f6r vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. Sosyal bask\u0131:<\/strong> Bir konu hakk\u0131nda fikrimizin olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini hissetti\u011fimizde, bu konu hakk\u0131nda fazla bilgimiz olmasa bile, bir \u015feyler uydurma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/li>\n
  2. Hesap verebilirlik eksikli\u011fi:<\/strong> \u0130ddialar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kimseyi rahats\u0131z etmeyece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsak, sa\u00e7malama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Sa\u00e7malaman\u0131n Etkisi<\/h2>\n\n

    Sa\u00e7malama, kamusal s\u00f6ylemimiz ve ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkilerimiz \u00fczerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahip olabilir. Yanl\u0131\u015f bilgiye, g\u00fcvensizli\u011fe ve hatta \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n

    Sa\u00e7mal\u0131kla Nas\u0131l Ba\u015fa \u00c7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n

    \u0130yi haber \u015fu ki, sa\u00e7mal\u0131kla m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in yapabilece\u011fimiz \u015feyler var. En etkili stratejilerden biri, insanlar\u0131 basit\u00e7e bunun i\u00e7in uyarmakt\u0131r. Biri \u015f\u00fcpheli g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir iddiada bulunursa, bunu destekleyecek kan\u0131t isteyin. Hi\u00e7bir \u015fey sa\u011flayam\u0131yorlarsa, muhtemelen sa\u00e7mal\u0131yorlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

    Bir di\u011fer strateji ise ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi ve kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi te\u015fvik etmektir. Bu, insanlara bilgiyi nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendireceklerini ve bilin\u00e7li kararlar vermeyi \u00f6\u011fretmek anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130nsanlar daha ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerinde, sa\u00e7mal\u0131klarla kand\u0131r\u0131lma olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n

    Sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011fa Kar\u015f\u0131 Duyarl\u0131l\u0131kta Bireysel Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar<\/h2>\n\n

    Baz\u0131 insanlar sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011fa di\u011ferlerinden daha yatk\u0131nd\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar daha az analitik, daha az zeki, daha dindar ve “ontolojik kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na” (zihnin fiziksel d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kontrol edebilece\u011fine inanmaya) daha yatk\u0131n ki\u015filerin sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n

    Sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011fa Direnmede Ele\u015ftirel D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin Rol\u00fc<\/h2>\n\n

    Ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme, sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011fa direnmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, bilgileri dikkatlice de\u011ferlendirir ve kan\u0131t ve mant\u0131\u011fa dayal\u0131 yarg\u0131larda bulunuruz. \u015eeyleri oldu\u011fu gibi kabul etmeyiz ve \u015f\u00fcpheli g\u00f6r\u00fcnen iddialara meydan okumaktan korkmay\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n

    Post-Ger\u00e7ek Bir Toplumda Kan\u0131ta Dayal\u0131 Ak\u0131l Y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin \u00d6nemi<\/h2>\n\n

    Yanl\u0131\u015f bilginin yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir d\u00fcnyada, ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve bilgiyi kan\u0131tlara dayanarak de\u011ferlendirme yetene\u011fine sahip olmak her zamankinden daha \u00f6nemlidir. Ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi ve kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi te\u015fvik ederek, daha bilgili ve rasyonel bir toplum yaratmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n

    Ek Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar<\/h2>\n\n

    \u0130nsanlar\u0131n neden sa\u00e7malad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusundaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ek olarak, baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131n neden sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011ferlerinden daha fazla kabul etti\u011fi \u00fczerine de ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma, y\u00fcksek bir tepki \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 olan ki\u015filerin buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen fikirleri ve s\u00f6zde ger\u00e7ekleri kabul etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015ftur. Bir ba\u015fka ara\u015ft\u0131rma ise daha az analitik, daha az zeki, daha dindar ve “ontolojik kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na” daha yatk\u0131n ki\u015filerin sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n

    Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma, sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 duyarl\u0131l\u0131kta bireysel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Baz\u0131 insanlar, di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re sa\u00e7mal\u0131klarla kand\u0131r\u0131lmaya daha yatk\u0131nd\u0131r. Ancak ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme, bizi sa\u00e7malaman\u0131n tehlikelerinden korumaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n

    Sa\u00e7mal\u0131kla M\u00fccadele Stratejileri<\/h2>\n\n

    Sa\u00e7mal\u0131kla m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in \u015fu ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 izleyin:<\/p>\n\n

      \n
    • \u0130nsanlar\u0131 sa\u00e7malad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in uyar\u0131n.<\/li>\n
    • Ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi ve kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi te\u015fvik edin.<\/li>\n
    • Sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 kendi duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n fark\u0131nda olun.<\/li>\n
    • Ger\u00e7ek olamayacak kadar iyi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen iddialara \u015f\u00fcpheyle yakla\u015f\u0131n.<\/li>\n
    • \u0130ddialar\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in kan\u0131t isteyin.<\/li>\n
    • \u015e\u00fcpheli g\u00f6r\u00fcnen iddialara meydan okumaktan korkmay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

      Bu ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 izleyerek, daha bilgili ve rasyonel bir toplum yaratmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabiliriz.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Neden Bu Kadar Sa\u00e7mal\u0131yoruz? Sa\u00e7mal\u0131k Bilimi Hepimiz kendimizi ger\u00e7e\u011fi ve mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemseyen rasyonel varl\u0131klar olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekten ho\u015flan\u0131r\u0131z. Ancak ger\u00e7ek \u015fu ki, hepimiz bazen sa\u00e7malama e\u011filimindeyiz. Bu fenomen “sa\u00e7malama” olarak bilinir.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23510,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[97,7507,7508,502,1237,7506],"class_list":["post-4056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","tag-science","tag-critical-thinking","tag-evidence-based-reasoning","tag-communication","tag-psychology","tag-bullshit"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4056"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4057,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4056\/revisions\/4057"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23510"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}