\u0130mparatori\u00e7e Dowager Cixi, 1861’den 1908’e kadar 45 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre \u00c7in’i y\u00f6netti. Ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve imaj\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in foto\u011fraf kullanmas\u0131yla tan\u0131nan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir fig\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n
Cixi, 1835 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir Man\u00e7u soylu ailesinde do\u011fdu. 1852’de \u0130mparator Xianfeng’in cariyesi oldu ve tek o\u011flunu do\u011furduktan sonra iktidara y\u00fckseldi. Xianfeng 1861’de \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Cixi bir saray darbesi d\u00fczenledi ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011flu \u0130mparator Tongzhi i\u00e7in naip oldu.<\/p>\n\n
Cixi’nin y\u00f6netimi hem ilerleme hem de karga\u015fa ile damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurdu. \u00c7in ordusunun modernle\u015ftirilmesi ve yeni bir e\u011fitim sisteminin kurulmas\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere bir dizi reform uygulad\u0131. Ancak 1900 Boks\u00f6r \u0130syan\u0131 gibi bir dizi zorlukla da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Cixi foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n hevesli bir kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131 ve bunu hem yurt i\u00e7inde hem de yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda imaj\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendirmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131. Ziyaret eden ileri gelenlere hediye olarak ve sokakta sat\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 Xunling’den bir dizi cam negatif portre sipari\u015f etti.<\/p>\n\n
Cixi’nin foto\u011fraflar\u0131 Bat\u0131 tarzlar\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilenmi\u015fti ve onu genellikle g\u00f6steri\u015fli ve idealle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir \u015fekilde tasvir ediyorlard\u0131. Kendini modern ve ilerici bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olarak g\u00f6stermek ve Boks\u00f6r \u0130syan\u0131’ndaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemek i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131 kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Boks\u00f6r \u0130syan\u0131, \u00c7in’deki yabanc\u0131 etkiye kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddetli bir ayaklanmayd\u0131. 1899’da ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 1900’de Pekin’e yay\u0131ld\u0131. Cixi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Boks\u00f6rleri destekledi, ancak yabanc\u0131 el\u00e7ilik binalar\u0131na ve misyonerlere sald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca onlara kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n
Boks\u00f6r \u0130syan\u0131, \u0130ngiltere, Japonya, Fransa ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere sekiz ulustan olu\u015fan bir koalisyon taraf\u0131ndan bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Cixi, Pekin’den ka\u00e7mak zorunda kald\u0131 ve ancak yabanc\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler bir bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul ettikten sonra geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n
Cixi, \u00c7in’in son imparatoru Puyi’yi atad\u0131ktan sonra 1908’de \u00f6ld\u00fc. Miras\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k ve tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lardan \u00c7in’i modernize eden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve h\u0131rsl\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdard\u0131, ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir karga\u015fa ve istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k d\u00f6nemine de ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti.<\/p>\n\n
Cixi’nin imaj\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendirmek i\u00e7in foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bir yenilikti. Foto\u011fraf\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc anlayan d\u00fcnyadaki ilk h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlardan biriydi ve bunu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkiyle kulland\u0131. Foto\u011fraflar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde insanlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fclemeye ve onlar\u0131 merakland\u0131rmaya devam ediyor ve \u00c7in’in en gizemli y\u00f6neticilerinden birinin ya\u015fam\u0131na ve zaman\u0131na de\u011ferli bir bak\u0131\u015f sunuyor.<\/p>\n\n
Washington, D.C.’deki Freer ve Sackler Galerileri \u015fu anda \u0130mparatori\u00e7e Dowager Cixi’nin Xunling taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilen foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131n bir sergisine ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor. “\u0130mparatori\u00e7e Dowager Cixi: Qing Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n Son G\u00fcnlerinden Foto\u011fraflar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sergi, Smithsonian Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fcn Xunling’in negatiflerinden olu\u015fan koleksiyonundan 19 bask\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n\n
Sergi, Cixi’nin foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan g\u00f6rme ve onun hayat\u0131 ve zaman\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinme konusunda e\u015fsiz bir f\u0131rsat sunuyor. \u00c7in tarihi, foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k veya ikisinin kesi\u015fti\u011fi noktayla ilgilenen herkes i\u00e7in mutlaka g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken bir sergidir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130mparatori\u00e7e Dowager Cixi: Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kullanarak Tarihi \u015eekillendirmek \u0130mparatori\u00e7e Dowager Cixi: \u00c7in’in Son Naibi \u0130mparatori\u00e7e Dowager Cixi, 1861’den 1908’e kadar 45 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre \u00c7in’i y\u00f6netti. Ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve imaj\u0131n\u0131 kontrol…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[8184,8289,6,2087,8290],"class_list":["post-4577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-photography","tag-chinese-history","tag-empress-dowager-cixi","tag-photography","tag-propaganda","tag-qing-dynasty"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4577"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4578,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4577\/revisions\/4578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}