{"id":4579,"date":"2024-07-02T04:41:28","date_gmt":"2024-07-02T04:41:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4579"},"modified":"2024-07-02T04:41:28","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T04:41:28","slug":"mercury-a-legacy-of-use-and-abuse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/science\/environmental-science\/mercury-a-legacy-of-use-and-abuse\/","title":{"rendered":"Merk\u00fcr: Kullan\u0131m ve \u0130stismar\u0131n Miras\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Merk\u00fcr: Kullan\u0131m ve \u0130stismar Miras\u0131<\/h2>\n\n

Eski Uygarl\u0131klar ve Merk\u00fcr<\/h3>\n\n

Binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r merk\u00fcr, eski uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fclemi\u015ftir. \u00c7inliler, Hindular, Yunanl\u0131lar ve Romal\u0131lar merk\u00fcri \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Eski \u00c7in’de \u0130mparator Qin Shi Huang, nehirler ve merk\u00fcr derelerle \u00e7evrili bir terrakota sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ordusuyla g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda zehirli metali t\u00fckettikten sonra merk\u00fcr zehirlenmesinden \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne inan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n

Simya ve Felsefe Ta\u015f\u0131<\/h3>\n\n

Sir Isaac Newton da dahil olmak \u00fczere simyac\u0131lar, efsanevi Felsefe Ta\u015f\u0131 yoluyla kur\u015funu alt\u0131na \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in merk\u00fcrle deneyler yapt\u0131lar. Merk\u00fcr ayr\u0131ca sifiliz gibi hastal\u0131klar\u0131 tedavi etmek i\u00e7in t\u0131pta kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n

End\u00fcstriyel Kullan\u0131mlar ve \u015eapkac\u0131 Delili\u011fi<\/h3>\n\n
    \n
  1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda merk\u00fcr, \u015fapka yap\u0131m\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u015eapkac\u0131lar, k\u00fcrk\u00fc hayvan derisinden ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in merk\u00fcr nitrat\u0131 kulland\u0131lar, bu da k\u00fcrk\u00fcn turuncula\u015fmas\u0131na ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kolayla\u015fmas\u0131na neden oldu. “Karotaj” olarak bilinen bu i\u015flem, \u015fapkac\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fcksek seviyelerde c\u0131vaya maruz b\u0131rakt\u0131 ve “\u015fapka\u00e7\u0131 delili\u011fi” olarak bilinen bir duruma yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u015eapka\u00e7\u0131 delili\u011fi semptomlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda titreme, sinirlilik ve zihinsel dengesizlik vard\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Minamata Felaketi<\/h3>\n\n

    Merk\u00fcr maruziyetinin end\u00fcstriyel etkileri, 1970’lerde “Minamata Zehirlenmesi” ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Japonya’n\u0131n Minamata K\u00f6rfezi \u015fehrinde bir kimya fabrikas\u0131ndan gelen c\u0131va k\u00f6rfeze s\u0131zd\u0131 ve yerel bal\u0131k pop\u00fclasyonunu kirletti. Kirlenmi\u015f bal\u0131klar\u0131 t\u00fcketen sakinler, Minamata hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak bilinen ciddi bir n\u00f6rolojik hastal\u0131k geli\u015ftirdiler. Minamata hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n semptomlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda t\u00f6kezleme, yazma ve d\u00fc\u011fme ilikleme g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, i\u015fitme ve yutma sorunlar\u0131 ve kontrol edilemeyen titremeler vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

    Modern Kullan\u0131m ve D\u00fczenlemeler<\/h3>\n\n

    G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde merk\u00fcr, piller, di\u015f dolgular\u0131, boyalar ve kozmetikler de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcketici ve end\u00fcstriyel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde hala kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, \u00e7evresel ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 nedeniyle kullan\u0131m\u0131 kademeli olarak azalt\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 140 \u00fclke taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan Minamata S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, imzac\u0131 \u00fclkelerin belirli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde, k\u00f6m\u00fcrle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan elektrik santrallerinde ve \u00e7imento fabrikalar\u0131nda c\u0131va kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir.<\/p>\n\n

    \u00c7evresel Etki<\/h3>\n\n

    Merk\u00fcr, end\u00fcstriyel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, madencilik ve do\u011fal kaynaklar yoluyla \u00e7evreye girebilir. Hava, su ve topra\u011f\u0131 kirletebilir ve besin zincirinde birikebilir. Merk\u00fcr, biyolojik olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilece\u011fi ve y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bal\u0131klarda y\u00fcksek seviyelere ula\u015fabilece\u011fi sucul ekosistemler i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle zararl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

    Sa\u011fl\u0131k Etkileri<\/h3>\n\n

    Merk\u00fcr maruziyeti, maruziyetin seviyesine ve s\u00fcresine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bir dizi sa\u011fl\u0131k etkisine sahip olabilir. Y\u00fcksek seviyelerde c\u0131vaya k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli maruz kalma, mide bulant\u0131s\u0131, kusma ve ishal gibi akut semptomlara neden olabilir. Daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyelerde c\u0131vaya uzun s\u00fcre maruz kalmak n\u00f6rolojik hasara, kardiyovask\u00fcler sorunlara ve geli\u015fim bozukluklar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n

    Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n\n

    Merk\u00fcr\u00fcn uzun ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir kullan\u0131m ve istismar ge\u00e7mi\u015fi vard\u0131r. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da, toksik \u00f6zellikleri de kabul edilmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7evresel ve sa\u011fl\u0131k kayg\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle c\u0131van\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 a\u015famal\u0131 olarak azalt\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Merk\u00fcrle ili\u015fkili riskleri anlayarak, kendimizi ve gezegenimizi zararl\u0131 etkilerinden korumak i\u00e7in ad\u0131mlar atabiliriz.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Merk\u00fcr: Kullan\u0131m ve \u0130stismar Miras\u0131 Eski Uygarl\u0131klar ve Merk\u00fcr Binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r merk\u00fcr, eski uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fclemi\u015ftir. \u00c7inliler, Hindular, Yunanl\u0131lar ve Romal\u0131lar merk\u00fcri \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Eski \u00c7in’de \u0130mparator Qin Shi Huang,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23760,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[97,283,3636,147,27],"class_list":["post-4579","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-science","tag-environment","tag-mercury","tag-health","tag-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4579"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4579\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4580,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4579\/revisions\/4580"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4579"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}