Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imleri genellikle en \u00e7ok se\u00e7im oyunu kazanan aday taraf\u0131ndan kazan\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak Maine ve Nebraska olmak \u00fczere iki eyalette se\u00e7im oylar\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in “kongre b\u00f6lgesi y\u00f6ntemi” olarak bilinen benzersiz bir sistem vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n
Kongre b\u00f6lgesi y\u00f6ntemi uyar\u0131nca, her eyaletin se\u00e7im oylar\u0131 iki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r: eyalet \u00e7ap\u0131nda kazanan i\u00e7in iki oy ve her kongre b\u00f6lgesinin kazanan\u0131 i\u00e7in bir oy. Bu, bir aday\u0131n eyalet \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki halk oylamas\u0131n\u0131 kaybetse bile baz\u0131 se\u00e7im oylar\u0131n\u0131 kazanabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n
Maine’in se\u00e7im oylar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6lme konusunda uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi vard\u0131r. Eyalet ilk olarak 1820’de kongre b\u00f6lgesi y\u00f6ntemini benimsedi, ancak 1828’de kazanan her \u015feyi al\u0131r sistemine ge\u00e7ti. 1969’da Maine, bir aday\u0131n eyaletin se\u00e7im oylar\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir halk oyu y\u00fczdesiyle kazanabilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki endi\u015feler nedeniyle, b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f oy y\u00f6ntemine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n
Nebraska, genellikle muhafazakar e\u011filimleri nedeniyle ba\u015fkan adaylar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilen bir eyalette ba\u015fkan adaylar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmeyi umarak 1992’de kongre b\u00f6lgesi y\u00f6ntemini benimsedi. Sistem tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131yd\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet\u00e7iler defalarca kazanan her \u015feyi al\u0131r yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 lehine bozmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n
Nebraska’dan eyalet senat\u00f6r\u00fc olan Ernie Chambers, b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f se\u00e7im oyu sisteminin sad\u0131k bir savunucusudur. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda, sistemi ortadan kald\u0131racak bir yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yenilgiye u\u011fratmada \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
2020 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imlerinde Maine ve Nebraska’n\u0131n se\u00e7im oylar\u0131 belirleyici bir rol oynayabilir. Yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mesi beklendi\u011finden, b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f bir eyaletten gelen tek bir se\u00e7im oyu bile dengeyi bir aday lehine de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n\n
2020’den \u00f6nce Maine ve Nebraska se\u00e7im oylar\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir kez b\u00f6ld\u00fc. 2008’de Barack Obama, Demokratlara 1964’ten bu yana eyaletteki ilk se\u00e7im oylar\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131ran Nebraska’n\u0131n \u0130kinci Kongre B\u00f6lgesi’ni kazand\u0131. 2016’da Donald Trump, Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilere 1988’den bu yana eyaletteki ilk se\u00e7im oylar\u0131n\u0131 veren Maine’in \u0130kinci Kongre B\u00f6lgesi’ni kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
B\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f se\u00e7im oylar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de yak\u0131n yar\u0131\u015flarda ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imleri \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir etkiye sahip olabilir. Kongre b\u00f6lgesi y\u00f6ntemi, bir aday\u0131n halk oylamas\u0131n\u0131 kaybetse bile ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, t\u0131pk\u0131 George W. Bush’un 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Se\u00e7im Oyu B\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi: Maine ve Nebraska’n\u0131n Durumu Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imleri genellikle en \u00e7ok se\u00e7im oyunu kazanan aday taraf\u0131ndan kazan\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak Maine ve Nebraska olmak \u00fczere iki eyalette se\u00e7im…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23896,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[223],"tags":[8374,8373,8274,2099,8372,6567],"class_list":["post-4630","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","tag-presidential-election","tag-congressional-district-method","tag-maine","tag-nebraska","tag-electoral-vote-splitting","tag-political-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4630","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4630"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4630\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4631,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4630\/revisions\/4631"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4630"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4630"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4630"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}