Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ba\u015fkanlar\u0131, federal su\u00e7lar i\u00e7in af \u00e7\u0131karma konusunda m\u00fcnhas\u0131r bir g\u00fcce sahiptir. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7, Richard Nixon ve Patty Hearst gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc isimler de dahil olmak \u00fczere, toplumun her kesiminden Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n sab\u0131ka kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 temizlemek i\u00e7in tarih boyunca kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n
En eski tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 affetmelerden biri, posta soygunundan h\u00fck\u00fcm giymi\u015f ve idam cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan George Wilson’a Ba\u015fkan Andrew Jackson taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015ftir. Wilson aff\u0131 reddetmi\u015f ve bu da bir vatanda\u015f\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kendisine af uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131na dair bir Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme karar\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n
Bir ba\u015fka dikkate de\u011fer af, “Pearl” gemisindeki k\u00f6lelerin ka\u00e7mas\u0131na yard\u0131m etmekten h\u00fck\u00fcm giymi\u015f olan Daniel Drayton ve Edward Sayres’\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu. Ba\u015fkan Millard Fillmore, d\u00f6rt y\u0131l hapis yatt\u0131ktan sonra onlar\u0131 affetti.<\/p>\n\n
\u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ba\u015fkan James Buchanan, Utah’taki “Mormon Sava\u015f\u0131”ndaki rolleri nedeniyle Brigham Young ve di\u011fer Mormon liderlerini affetti. Ba\u015fkan Andrew Johnson daha sonra Jefferson Davis ve di\u011fer Konfederasyon yetkililerine toplu af \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Ancak Davis t\u00f6vbe etmeyi reddetti ve 1978 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Ba\u015fkan Jimmy Carter ona \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra af \u00e7\u0131karmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Ba\u015fkan Gerald Ford, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda “Tokyo Rose” olarak bilinen rol\u00fc nedeniyle vatana ihanetten h\u00fck\u00fcm giymi\u015f olan Iva Toguri D’Aquino’yu affetti. Bu, vatana ihanetten h\u00fck\u00fcm giymi\u015f bir ki\u015finin tam af ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek vakayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Ba\u015fkan Ronald Reagan, Nixon’\u0131n yeniden se\u00e7ilme kampanyas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 kampanya finansman\u0131na kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in New York Yankees’in sahibi George Steinbrenner’\u0131 affetti. Bu af geni\u015f \u00e7apta ele\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n
2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ba\u015fkan George W. Bush, posta doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sahte belge kullanmaktan Isaac Toussie’yi affetti. Ancak, Toussie’nin babas\u0131n\u0131n Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilere ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca bu af bir g\u00fcn sonra iptal edildi.<\/p>\n\n
Ba\u015fkan Bill Clinton, son g\u00f6rev g\u00fcn\u00fcnde Patty Hearst’\u0131 affetti. Hearst, Symbionese Kurtulu\u015f Ordusu taraf\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra banka soygunundan h\u00fck\u00fcm giymi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n
Aff\u0131n verilmedi\u011fi dikkate de\u011fer bir dava, Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda My Lai Katliam\u0131’yd\u0131. Te\u011fmen William Calley, sivilleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekten h\u00fck\u00fcm giydi, ancak Ba\u015fkan Nixon onu affetmedi. Bunun yerine, Calley’in ev hapsinde cezas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmesine izin vermek i\u00e7in m\u00fcdahale etti.<\/p>\n\n
Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k aff\u0131, Amerikan tarihini \u015fekillendirmede \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar \u015fu ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n
Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k aff\u0131 yetkisi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir konu olmaya devam etmektedir, ancak ulusun tarihi boyunca uygulanan y\u00fcr\u00fctme erkinin temel bir y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Aff\u0131: \u0130dari Merhametin Bir Tarihi Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ba\u015fkanlar\u0131, federal su\u00e7lar i\u00e7in af \u00e7\u0131karma konusunda m\u00fcnhas\u0131r bir g\u00fcce sahiptir. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7, Richard Nixon ve Patty Hearst gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc isimler…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24851,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8433],"tags":[19,8431,8432,8430],"class_list":["post-4666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics-and-law","tag-american-history","tag-executive-clemency","tag-justice-reform","tag-presidential-pardons"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4666"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24852,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4666\/revisions\/24852"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24851"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}