2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda bilim insanlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bir ke\u015fifte bulundular: Mars’\u0131n g\u00fcney kutbunun buzlu y\u00fczeyinin alt\u0131nda gizlenmi\u015f bir g\u00f6l. Bu ke\u015fif, g\u00f6l\u00fcn olu\u015fumu ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerin do\u011frulu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda bir dizi soruya yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Nature Astronomy’de yay\u0131nlanan yak\u0131n tarihli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, yaln\u0131zca bu g\u00f6l\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamakla kalmad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda yak\u0131nlarda \u00fc\u00e7 ek, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck su k\u00fctlesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, b\u00f6lgenin kapsaml\u0131 radar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek orijinal 29 veri noktas\u0131na 100 yeni veri noktas\u0131 ekledi. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler, Mars y\u00fczeyinin bir mil alt\u0131nda bulunan d\u00f6rt g\u00f6l\u00fcn daha net bir resmini \u00e7iziyor. Tuz ve tortu i\u00e7erdikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, Mars’\u0131n g\u00fcney kutbunun dondurucu s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda bile s\u0131v\u0131 halde kalabiliyorlar.<\/p>\n\n
Bu yer alt\u0131 g\u00f6llerinin ke\u015ffinin, Mars’\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve \u015fimdiki zaman\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli etkileri var. G\u00fcney kutbunda birden fazla su birikintisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunlar\u0131n gezegenin eski okyanuslar\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Mars y\u00fczeyindeki a\u015f\u0131nma kal\u0131plar\u0131, bir zamanlar suyun gezegen boyunca \u00f6zg\u00fcrce akt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Curiosity gezgininden gelen g\u00f6zlemler, Mars’\u0131n bir zamanlar engin bir okyanusla kapl\u0131 oldu\u011fu teorisini destekliyor.<\/p>\n\n
Mars iklimi so\u011fuduk\u00e7a, bu okyanus donmu\u015f ve sonunda s\u00fcblimle\u015fmi\u015f, kat\u0131 buzdan erimeden do\u011frudan su buhar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Su buhar\u0131 atmosferde yolculuk etmi\u015f ve kutuplarda yo\u011funla\u015farak geni\u015f buzullar\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Jeotermal enerji, bu buzullar\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 eritmi\u015f ve yer alt\u0131 suyu veya donmu\u015f toprak olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bu su yeterince tuzluysa, bug\u00fcn g\u00f6zlemlenen g\u00f6llerde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n\n
Mars’\u0131n g\u00fcney kutbunda s\u0131v\u0131 halde kalabilmesi i\u00e7in suyun son derece tuzlu olmas\u0131 gerekir; burada s\u0131cakl\u0131klar -195 Fahrenheit dereceye kadar d\u00fc\u015febilir. Tuzlar ve tortular, su molek\u00fcllerinin hizalanmas\u0131na m\u00fcdahale ederek kristalle\u015fmeyi engelleyerek suyun donmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n\n
Bununla birlikte, Mars suyunda bulunan perlorat olarak bilinen tuzlar insan t\u00fcketimine uygun de\u011fildir. En g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc D\u00fcnya mantar\u0131, %23’e kadar sodyum perklorat i\u00e7eren suda hayatta kalabilirken, en dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bakteri yaln\u0131zca %12’lik bir \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye tahamm\u00fcl edebilir. Suyun Mars’\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 halde kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, D\u00fcnya mikroplar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha da toksik olan kalsiyum perklorat gibi farkl\u0131 bir tuz t\u00fcr\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7 duyacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n
D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n da Antarktika buzunun alt\u0131nda gizlenmi\u015f kendi tuzlu g\u00f6lleri var, ancak bunlar bol miktarda ya\u015fam\u0131 desteklemiyor. Montana Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi’nden \u00e7evre bilimci John Priscu, “Antarktika’daki bu tuzlu havuzlarda pek aktif ya\u015fam yok” diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. “Onlar sadece tur\u015fu gibiler. Ve [Mars’ta] durum b\u00f6yle olabilir.”<\/p>\n\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, yer alt\u0131 g\u00f6llerini tespit etmek i\u00e7in Mars Geli\u015fmi\u015f Yer Alt\u0131 ve \u0130yonosfer Sondaj Radar\u0131’n\u0131 (MARSIS) kulland\u0131. MARSIS, Mars y\u00fczeyine radyo dalgalar\u0131 g\u00f6nderir ve bu dalgalar gezegenin yap\u0131s\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda geri yans\u0131r. Yans\u0131ma kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek, dalgalar\u0131n \u00fczerinden yans\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzemenin do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n\n
Baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 konusunda \u015f\u00fcpheci kal\u0131yor ve yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 yamalar\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131 su yerine sulu kar veya \u00e7amur olabilece\u011fini savunuyor. Ayr\u0131ca, MARSIS g\u00f6zlemleri ile di\u011fer veri k\u00fcmelerinden elde edilen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar var.<\/p>\n\n
Tianwen-1 adl\u0131 bir \u00c7in g\u00f6revinin \u015eubat 2021’de Mars y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine girmesi planlan\u0131yor. Bu g\u00f6rev, g\u00f6zlemler hakk\u0131nda yeni bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir ve yer alt\u0131 g\u00f6llerinin do\u011fas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutabilir.<\/p>\n\n
Purdue \u00dcniversitesi’nden gezegen bilimci Ali Bramson, “Yans\u0131mada bir art\u0131\u015fa neden olacak kadar garip bir \u015feyin bu alanda oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum” diyor. “Kutup ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n taban\u0131nda tuhaf, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011futulmu\u015f, \u00e7amurlu bir tuzlu su \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi varsa, bu kesinlikle \u00e7ok haval\u0131.”<\/p>\n\n
Mars’ta yer alt\u0131 g\u00f6llerinin ke\u015ffi, bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve spek\u00fclasyon i\u00e7in yeni yollar a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu g\u00f6ller, gezegenin eski okyanuslar\u0131na ve Mars’ta ge\u00e7mi\u015f veya \u015fimdiki ya\u015fam potansiyeline dair ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir. Bu ilgi \u00e7ekici su k\u00fctlelerini \u00e7evreleyen gizemleri \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve ke\u015fif \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olacak.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Mars’\u0131n Yer Alt\u0131 G\u00f6lleri: Eski Bir Okyanusun Kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 Yer Alt\u0131 G\u00f6llerinin Ke\u015ffi ve Onaylanmas\u0131 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda bilim insanlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bir ke\u015fifte bulundular: Mars’\u0131n g\u00fcney kutbunun buzlu y\u00fczeyinin alt\u0131nda gizlenmi\u015f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24633,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[437],"tags":[1216,811,1214,434,1215],"class_list":["post-477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomy","tag-astrobiology","tag-mars","tag-underground-lakes","tag-space-exploration","tag-water-on-mars"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=477"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24634,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477\/revisions\/24634"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}