U\u00e7aklar g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne hakim olmadan \u00f6nce, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca bir para\u015f\u00fct fikri ortal\u0131kta dola\u015f\u0131yordu. Leonardo da Vinci’nin kendisi, para\u015f\u00fcte benzer bir cihaz i\u00e7eren bir u\u00e7an makine i\u00e7in bir tasar\u0131m \u00e7izmi\u015fti. Ancak, pratik bir para\u015f\u00fct geli\u015ftirilmesi 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi.<\/p>\n\n
\u0130\u015fte, bir hava g\u00f6sterisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir pilotun trajik \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne tan\u0131k olan Rus akt\u00f6r Gleb Kotelnikov devreye giriyor. Bu t\u00fcr kazalar\u0131 \u00f6nleme arzusuyla hareket eden Kotelnikov, hayat\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenilir bir para\u015f\u00fct yaratmaya adad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Kotelnikov, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00fcrekli olarak pilota ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve bir acil durum an\u0131nda otomatik olarak a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini kavram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir para\u015f\u00fct kask\u0131 ve bir para\u015f\u00fct kemeri de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli prototiplerle denemeler yapt\u0131ktan sonra s\u0131rt \u00e7antas\u0131 tarz\u0131 bir tasar\u0131m \u00fczerinde karar k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
1911’de Kotelnikov, katlanm\u0131\u015f bir kanopiyi tutan sert bir s\u0131rt \u00e7antas\u0131na sahip RK-1 para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc tan\u0131tt\u0131. Para\u015f\u00fct, pilota bir ko\u015fum tak\u0131m\u0131yla ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve hem statik bir hatla otomatik olarak hem de bir kordonu \u00e7ekerek manuel olarak a\u00e7\u0131labiliyordu.<\/p>\n\n
Hayat kurtarma potansiyeline ra\u011fmen, RK-1, pilotlar\u0131n u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok kolay terk edeceklerinden korkan Rus ordusunun direni\u015fiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. y\u0131lmad\u0131, Kotelnikov icad\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa’da pazarlad\u0131 ve burada geni\u015f \u00e7apta be\u011feni toplad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Ancak I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n patlak vermesi Kotelnikov’un ilerlemesini durdurdu. Havac\u0131l\u0131k giderek daha \u00f6nemli hale geldik\u00e7e, Birle\u015fik Devletler Ordusu daha verimli bir para\u015f\u00fct tasar\u0131m\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir ekip kurdu.<\/p>\n\n
Test pilotu James Floyd Smith ve film dubl\u00f6r\u00fc Leslie Irvin liderli\u011findeki ekip, para\u015f\u00fct teknolojisine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulundu. Smith, elle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bir a\u00e7ma ipiyle “modern serbest tip” bir para\u015f\u00fct patentledi, Irvin ise ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 daha kolay olan yumu\u015fak paketli bir para\u015f\u00fct geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n
1919’da Irvin, bir u\u00e7aktan ba\u015far\u0131yla atlayan ve elle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bir para\u015f\u00fct\u00fc a\u00e7an ilk Amerikal\u0131 oldu. Bu ba\u015far\u0131, havac\u0131l\u0131kta para\u015f\u00fctlerin yayg\u0131n olarak benimsenmesine zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra, ordu para\u015f\u00fct tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye devam etti ve bu da U\u00e7ak Para\u015f\u00fct\u00fc Tip A’n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Smith’in Life Pack’inden modellenen bu para\u015f\u00fct, ipek bir kanopi, yumu\u015fak bir s\u0131rt \u00e7antas\u0131 ve bir a\u00e7ma ipine sahipti.<\/p>\n\n
Irvin’in \u015firketi Irvin Airchute, para\u015f\u00fct pazar\u0131na hakim oldu ve sivil ve e\u011flence ama\u00e7l\u0131 para\u015f\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn geli\u015ftirilmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. Pilot para\u015f\u00fct\u00fc ve f\u0131rlatma koltu\u011fu gibi yenilikler, para\u015f\u00fctlerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini daha da art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde para\u015f\u00fctler, havac\u0131l\u0131k ve para\u015f\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fckte hayati bir g\u00fcvenlik cihaz\u0131d\u0131r. Para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcn r\u00fcyadan hayat kurtaran bir ger\u00e7e\u011fe evrimi, Gleb Kotelnikov, James Floyd Smith ve Leslie Irvin gibi mucitlerin yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve azminin bir kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n
Para\u015f\u00fctler y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde say\u0131s\u0131z iyile\u015ftirmeden ge\u00e7ti, ancak bu ilk \u00f6nc\u00fclerin belirledi\u011fi temel ilkeler, modern para\u015f\u00fct tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturmaya devam ediyor. \u0130lk s\u0131rt \u00e7antas\u0131 para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcnden en son y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 kanopilere kadar, para\u015f\u00fct insan yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde g\u00fcvenlik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir sembol\u00fc olmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Para\u015f\u00fct\u00fcn Tarih\u00e7esi: R\u00fcyadan Ger\u00e7e\u011fe Hayat Kurtaran Bir \u0130cad\u0131n Do\u011fu\u015fu U\u00e7aklar g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne hakim olmadan \u00f6nce, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca bir para\u015f\u00fct fikri ortal\u0131kta dola\u015f\u0131yordu. Leonardo da Vinci’nin kendisi, para\u015f\u00fcte benzer bir cihaz i\u00e7eren…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[597],"tags":[41,8612,2888,8611],"class_list":["post-4785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aviation-and-aerospace","tag-aviation-history","tag-life-saving-invention","tag-human-ingenuity","tag-parachute"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4785"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4785\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4786,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4785\/revisions\/4786"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}