{"id":5981,"date":"2024-08-24T18:52:03","date_gmt":"2024-08-24T18:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=5981"},"modified":"2024-08-24T18:52:03","modified_gmt":"2024-08-24T18:52:03","slug":"growing-and-caring-for-hazelnut-trees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/science\/agriculture\/growing-and-caring-for-hazelnut-trees\/","title":{"rendered":"F\u0131nd\u0131k A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131: Yeti\u015ftirme ve Bak\u0131m Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">F\u0131nd\u0131k A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n Yeti\u015ftirilmesi ve Bak\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Giri\u015f<\/h2>\n\n<p>F\u0131nd\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 (Corylus avellana), f\u0131nd\u0131k olarak da bilinen, lezzetli f\u0131nd\u0131klar \u00fcreten \u00e7ekici k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a\u011fa\u00e7lar veya \u00e7al\u0131lard\u0131r. Mutfaktaki de\u011ferlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra f\u0131nd\u0131klar s\u00fcsleme konusundaki \u00e7ekicilikleri sebebiyle de de\u011ferlidirler.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dikim<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dikim Zaman\u0131:<\/strong> F\u0131nd\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 dinlenme d\u00f6nemlerinde, tercihen k\u0131\u015f\u0131n sonu veya ilkbahar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda dikin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dikim Alan\u0131n\u0131n Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong> G\u00fcnde en az 8 saat tam g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan bir yer se\u00e7in. Toprak zengin, iyi drene edilmi\u015f ve hafif asitli (pH 6,3-6,8) olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aral\u0131k, Derinlik ve Destek:<\/strong> A\u011fa\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda 4,5 ila 5,5 metre bo\u015fluk b\u0131rak\u0131n. J \u015feklindeki k\u00f6k sistemini bar\u0131nd\u0131racak kadar geni\u015f ve derin bir \u00e7ukur kaz\u0131n. \u00c7ukura az miktarda toprak koyun ve k\u00f6kleri yay\u0131n. En \u00fcstteki k\u00f6k\u00fc 5 ila 8 cm toprakla \u00f6rt\u00fcn. Topra\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n ve bolca sulay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bak\u0131m<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>I\u015f\u0131k:<\/strong> Optimum \u00e7i\u00e7ek ve f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda tam g\u00fcne\u015f alan bir yere koyun. Yar\u0131 g\u00f6lgeye de tahamm\u00fcl ederler ancak \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00fcretimi azal\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Toprak:<\/strong> F\u0131nd\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli toprak t\u00fcrlerine uyum sa\u011flar ancak iyi drene edilmi\u015f kumlu t\u0131nl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 tercih ederler. Yo\u011fun paketlenmi\u015f topraklardan, killere veya kayal\u0131k topraklardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Su:<\/strong> F\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak sulay\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle kuru d\u00f6nemlerde. Yerle\u015fik a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n her hafta \u00e7ap\u0131 2,5 cm olan g\u00f6vde ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 38 litre suya ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u0131cakl\u0131k ve Nem:<\/strong> F\u0131nd\u0131klar \u0131l\u0131man iklimlerde geli\u015fir (USDA b\u00f6lgeleri 4-8). A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fu\u011fa, s\u0131ca\u011fa veya y\u00fcksek neme tahamm\u00fcl etmezler.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00fcbre:<\/strong> En iyi sonu\u00e7lar i\u00e7in f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 sonbaharda organik yava\u015f sal\u0131n\u0131ml\u0131 meyve a\u011fac\u0131 g\u00fcbresiyle g\u00fcbreleyin. Uygulama oranlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcr\u00fcn etiketindeki talimatlar\u0131 izleyin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tozla\u015fma<\/h2>\n\n<p>F\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in yeti\u015ftirmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsan\u0131z, \u00e7apraz tozla\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in en az iki farkl\u0131 Corylus avellana \u00e7e\u015fidine ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z vard\u0131r. Pop\u00fcler \u00e7e\u015fitler aras\u0131nda &#8216;Jefferson&#8217;, &#8216;McDonald&#8217;, &#8216;PollyO&#8217;, &#8216;Wepster&#8217; ve &#8216;Yamhill&#8217; bulunur. Fidanl\u0131k kataloglar\u0131 genellikle hangi \u00e7e\u015fitlerin birbirini en iyi \u015fekilde tozla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hasat<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Olgun F\u0131nd\u0131klar:<\/strong> Olgun f\u0131nd\u0131klar birka\u00e7 hafta boyunca kendili\u011finden d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/li>\n<li><strong>F\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131n Toplanmas\u0131:<\/strong> Vah\u015fi hayvanlar kapmadan \u00f6nce f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak toplay\u0131n. Alternatif olarak, f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na bir branda veya eski bir \u00e7ar\u015faf serin ve f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 gev\u015fetmek i\u00e7in hafif\u00e7e sallay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Saks\u0131da Yeti\u015ftirme<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kapsaml\u0131 k\u00f6k sistemleri nedeniyle f\u0131nd\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 kapal\u0131 bah\u00e7e i\u015fleri i\u00e7in uygun de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budama<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Emzikler:<\/strong> T\u00fcm f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi emzikleri kesin. Ana dallara m\u00fcdahale eden t\u00fcm emzikleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yanal Dallar\u0131:<\/strong> G\u00f6vdeyi g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan koruyan yanal dallar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 budama, bol s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlenmeye neden olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dcretme<\/h2>\n\n<p>F\u0131nd\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 tipik olarak en iyi fidanl\u0131k uzmanlar\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lan katmanlama veya a\u015f\u0131lama yoluyla \u00fcretilir. Tohumdan yeti\u015ftirmeleri \u00f6nerilmez.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u0131\u015flama<\/h2>\n\n<p>Avrupa f\u0131nd\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 4. b\u00f6lge kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131na dayanabilir. Ancak, Amerikan meslekta\u015flar\u0131ndan daha erken \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7arlar, bu nedenle mevsim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 so\u011fuk ilkbahar havalar\u0131ndan zarar g\u00f6rebilirler. Co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeniz i\u00e7in dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitleri se\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Yayg\u0131n Zararl\u0131lar ve Hastal\u0131klar<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Do\u011fu F\u0131nd\u0131k K\u00fcf\u00fc (EFB):<\/strong> Bu mantar kabuklu yaralara neden olur ve birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde a\u011fac\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr. Diren\u00e7 i\u00e7in yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitleri se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zararl\u0131lar:<\/strong> F\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 etkileyebilecek zararl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda kabuklu bitler ve Japon b\u00f6cekleri bulunur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bir f\u0131nd\u0131k a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n meyve vermesi ne kadar s\u00fcrer?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130lk hafif hasada kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt y\u0131l s\u00fcrer. Alt\u0131nc\u0131 ve yedinci y\u0131llardan itibaren daha a\u011f\u0131r bir verim bekleyebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li><strong>Sadece bir f\u0131nd\u0131k a\u011fac\u0131 dikebilir misiniz?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Sadece f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131n s\u00fcs de\u011ferleriyle ilgileniyorsan\u0131z, bir \u00f6rnek yeterlidir. F\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in \u00e7apraz tozla\u015fan iki veya daha fazla \u00e7e\u015fide ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li><strong>Farkl\u0131 f\u0131nd\u0131k t\u00fcrleri var m\u0131?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Birka\u00e7 f\u0131nd\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r. Kuzey Amerika&#8217;da f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli t\u00fcrler Avrupa f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, Amerikan f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Corylus americana) ve gagal\u0131 f\u0131nd\u0131kt\u0131r (Corylus cornuta).<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>F\u0131nd\u0131k A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n Yeti\u015ftirilmesi ve Bak\u0131m\u0131 Giri\u015f F\u0131nd\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 (Corylus avellana), f\u0131nd\u0131k olarak da bilinen, lezzetli f\u0131nd\u0131klar \u00fcreten \u00e7ekici k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a\u011fa\u00e7lar veya \u00e7al\u0131lard\u0131r. Mutfaktaki de\u011ferlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra f\u0131nd\u0131klar s\u00fcsleme konusundaki \u00e7ekicilikleri&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24131,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1196],"tags":[9177,8848,10348,10347],"class_list":["post-5981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture","tag-tree-care","tag-gardening","tag-nut-production","tag-hazelnut-tree"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5981"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24132,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5981\/revisions\/24132"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}