1789’da Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan yeni \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fken, ulus yeni bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurma g\u00f6reviyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yayd\u0131. Verilmesi gereken bir\u00e7ok karar aras\u0131nda, bu yeni do\u011fmu\u015f \u00fclkenin liderine verilecek unvan da vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Anayasa Konvansiyonu’na kat\u0131lan delegeler bu mesele \u00fczerinde kafa yordular ve \u00e7e\u015fitli se\u00e7enekleri tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 “Majesteleri Y\u00fcce H\u00fck\u00fcmdar”\u0131 \u00f6nerirken, di\u011ferleri daha demokratik olan “Majesteleri Se\u00e7ilmi\u015f H\u00fck\u00fcmdar”\u0131 tercih ettiler. Bununla birlikte, bu kadar g\u00f6rkemli unvanlar\u0131n, Kurucu Babalar\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z g\u00fcce sahip Avrupal\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlarla k\u0131yaslamalara yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fine dair endi\u015feler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n
Tart\u0131\u015fmalar haftalarca s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve Temsilciler Meclisi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 resmi bir unvan\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131n yetkisini art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131na dair endi\u015felerini dile getirirken, Senato “ba\u015fkan” gibi zay\u0131f bir unvan\u0131n (aslen yaln\u0131zca “ba\u015fkanl\u0131k eden ki\u015fi” anlam\u0131na gelen) g\u00f6revin itibar\u0131n\u0131 yabanc\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011finden korkuyordu.<\/p>\n\n
Sonunda bir uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131ld\u0131. Senato \u00f6nerilen unvanlar\u0131n\u0131n basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir versiyonunu kabul etti ve George Washington Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nin ilk “Ba\u015fkan\u0131” oldu. Bu unvan, baz\u0131 \u00f6nceki \u00f6neriler kadar g\u00f6rkemli olmasa da, hem otoriteyi hem de ulusun kuruldu\u011fu demokratik ilkeleri yans\u0131t\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n
Unvanlarla ilgili endi\u015fe ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ti. Anayasa’n\u0131n 1. Maddesi, 9. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, “Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri taraf\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir asalet unvan\u0131 verilmeyece\u011fini” belirtir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, cumhuriyet\u00e7i h\u00fck\u00fcmetin temel ta\u015f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu ve kal\u0131c\u0131 bir aristokrasi veya s\u0131n\u0131f ayr\u0131m\u0131 olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 garanti ediyordu.<\/p>\n\n
Zamanla “ba\u015fkan” unvan\u0131 kendi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerini ge\u00e7irdi. 1903’te “POTUS” (Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131) k\u0131saltmas\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131, ard\u0131ndan “FLOTUS” (Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri First Lady’si) ve “SCOTUS” (Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi) geldi.<\/p>\n\n
II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nin k\u00fcresel liderlik rol\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131tan “\u00d6zg\u00fcr D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n Lideri” lakab\u0131 benimsendi. Ancak ge\u00e7en zamana ve g\u00f6revi y\u00fcr\u00fcten bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fiye ra\u011fmen, “Say\u0131n Ba\u015fkan”\u0131n orijinal unvan\u0131 en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kal\u0131c\u0131 olan\u0131 olmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n\n
Ba\u015fkan, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nin devlet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa, ba\u015fkana a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00f6nemli yetkiler verir:<\/p>\n\n
Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa uygun olabilmek i\u00e7in bir aday\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n
Ba\u015fkan d\u00f6rt y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in g\u00f6rev yapar ve ikinci bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in yeniden se\u00e7ilebilir. Anayasa, ba\u015fkan\u0131 iki d\u00f6nemle s\u0131n\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n
Ba\u015fkan, azil s\u00fcreci yoluyla g\u00f6revden al\u0131nabilir. Azil, Temsilciler Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan ve Senato taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lanan siyasi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. E\u011fer mahkum edilirse, ba\u015fkan g\u00f6revden al\u0131n\u0131r ve gelecekte federal g\u00f6revlerde bulunmas\u0131 yasaklanabilir.<\/p>\n\n
“Ba\u015fkan” unvan\u0131, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nin demokrasiye ve hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir simgesidir. George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt ve Barack Obama da dahil olmak \u00fczere ulusun en \u00fcnl\u00fc liderlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir unvand\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n
Ba\u015fkan, ulusun i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politikalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendirmede hayati bir rol oynar ve g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi boyunca al\u0131nan kararlar \u00fclke ve d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde kal\u0131c\u0131 bir etkiye sahip olabilir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Amerika’n\u0131n Bir “Y\u00fcce H\u00fck\u00fcmdar” Yerine Neden Bir “Ba\u015fkan\u0131” Var? Unvan\u0131n M\u00fctevaz\u0131 K\u00f6kenleri 1789’da Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan yeni \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fken, ulus yeni bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurma g\u00f6reviyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yayd\u0131. Verilmesi gereken…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[223],"tags":[19,221,222],"class_list":["post-76","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politics","tag-american-history","tag-presidential-power","tag-titles-and-nobility"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76\/revisions\/77"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}