Edward S. Curtis, K\u0131z\u0131lderililerin hayat\u0131n\u0131 belgelemeye adam\u0131\u015f \u00fcnl\u00fc bir foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131yd\u0131. 1907 ile 1930 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Kuzey Amerika’y\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde gezerek 80’den fazla farkl\u0131 kabileden 40.000’den fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc yakalad\u0131. Curtis’in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sadece foto\u011fraflar\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda yerli \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n balmumu silindir kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 ve hikayelerin, tarihlerin ve biyografilerin yaz\u0131l\u0131 anlat\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/p>\n\n
Curtis’in en iddial\u0131 projesi “The North American Indian” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 20 ciltlik bir seriydi. Bu an\u0131tsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, “Kral James \u0130ncil’inin yap\u0131m\u0131ndan bu yana yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131ktaki en iddial\u0131 giri\u015fim” olarak selamland\u0131. Bug\u00fcn, Curtis’in 1.000’den fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc Kongre K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olarak mevcut.<\/p>\n\n
Curtis’in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sanatsal de\u011feri ve K\u0131z\u0131lderili k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn belgelenmesine katk\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcrken, ayn\u0131 zamanda baz\u0131 stereotipleri de s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Curtis, K\u0131z\u0131lderilileri genellikle stoac\u0131 ve yok olmak \u00fczere tasvir etti ve onlar\u0131n \u00f6lmekte olan bir \u0131rk oldu\u011fu mitini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki on y\u0131llar boyunca bir\u00e7ok Amerikal\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131lderilileri g\u00f6rme bi\u00e7imini etkiledi.<\/p>\n\n
Son y\u0131llarda, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f K\u0131z\u0131lderili sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 Curtis’in miras\u0131na meydan okudu ve halklar\u0131n\u0131 daha n\u00fcansl\u0131 ve otantik bir \u015fekilde tasvir etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Pamela J. Peters, Zig Jackson, Wendy Red Star ve Will Wilson gibi bu sanat\u00e7\u0131lar, kimlik, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve temsil konular\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmek i\u00e7in foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, multimedya ve di\u011fer sanat bi\u00e7imlerini kullan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n
Navajo foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 ve film yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Pamela J. Peters, Curtis’in stereotiplerinin bug\u00fcn de devam etti\u011fini savunuyor. Bu stereotiplere meydan okumak ve kendi tarihini geri kazanmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yor. “Four Seasons” adl\u0131 otoportre serisinde Peters geleneksel k\u0131yafetler giyiyor, ancak daha yak\u0131ndan incelendi\u011finde, izleyici arka plan\u0131n raptiyelerle tutuldu\u011funu, hayvanlar\u0131n \u015fi\u015fme oyuncaklar oldu\u011funu ve su \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in selofan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebilir. Peters, sanat\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kendi tarihini geri kazanmak hakk\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n
Rising Buffalo olarak da bilinen Zig Jackson, Mandan, Hidatsa ve Arikara foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 stereotipleri y\u0131kmas\u0131yla bilinir. “Indian Photographing Tourist Photographing Indian” ve “Indian Photographing Tourist Photographing Sacred Sites” adl\u0131 serileri, foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisinin rol\u00fcn\u00fc ve K\u0131z\u0131lderili k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn metala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sorguluyor.<\/p>\n\n
Wendy Red Star, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131ndan ve Aps\u00e1alooke rezervasyonundaki yeti\u015ftirilme tarz\u0131ndan ilham alan, Portland merkezli bir multimedya sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Foto\u011fraflar\u0131, kimlik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr konular\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmek i\u00e7in stereotiple\u015fmi\u015f ve otantik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri harmanl\u0131yor. “Medicine Crow” adl\u0131 serisinde Red Star, \u00fcnl\u00fc K\u0131z\u0131lderili liderinin tan\u0131d\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini notlar ve ek bilgilerle de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor ve bazen kendisiyle ba\u011flant\u0131 kuruyor.<\/p>\n\n
Din\u00e9 foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Will Wilson, Curtis’in \u00e7ekti\u011fi portrelerin yerini kendi belgesel g\u00f6reviyle almak istiyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, zaman\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan “kalay”lar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor. Ayr\u0131ca, portrelerini \u00e7ekmesi i\u00e7in onlara y\u00f6nlendirme yapmak yerine, portrelerini olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in modelleriyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n
Bu \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f K\u0131z\u0131lderili sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, stereotiplerle m\u00fccadele etmek ve K\u0131z\u0131lderili k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hakk\u0131nda daha n\u00fcansl\u0131 bir anlay\u0131\u015f te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Sanatlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, K\u0131z\u0131lderililer hakk\u0131ndaki bask\u0131n anlat\u0131lara meydan okuyorlar ve tarihleri, kimlikleri ve deneyimleri hakk\u0131nda yeni bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 sunuyorlar.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Edward S. Curtis ve K\u0131z\u0131lderili Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Miras\u0131 Edward S. Curtis: K\u0131z\u0131lderili Hayat\u0131n\u0131 Belgelemek Edward S. Curtis, K\u0131z\u0131lderililerin hayat\u0131n\u0131 belgelemeye adam\u0131\u015f \u00fcnl\u00fc bir foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131yd\u0131. 1907 ile 1930 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Kuzey Amerika’y\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[1992,1991,540,63,1990,1993],"class_list":["post-838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-photography","tag-contemporary-native-american-art","tag-edward-s-curtis","tag-identity","tag-culture","tag-native-american-photography","tag-stereotypes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=838"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":839,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions\/839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}