{"id":865,"date":"2019-03-07T04:08:28","date_gmt":"2019-03-07T04:08:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=865"},"modified":"2019-03-07T04:08:28","modified_gmt":"2019-03-07T04:08:28","slug":"first-cookbooks-published-by-black-people-in-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/life\/food-and-drink\/first-cookbooks-published-by-black-people-in-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Amerika’da Siyahi \u0130nsanlar Taraf\u0131ndan Yay\u0131nlanan \u0130lk Yemek Kitaplar\u0131: Tarihe ve K\u00fclt\u00fcre Bir Pencere"},"content":{"rendered":"

Amerika’da Siyahiler Taraf\u0131ndan Yay\u0131nlanan \u0130lk Yemek Kitaplar\u0131: Tarih ve K\u00fclt\u00fcre Bir Pencere<\/h2>\n\n

Tarih\u00ee \u00d6nemi<\/h2>\n\n

Amerika’da siyahi yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan en eski yemek kitaplar\u0131, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n mutfak gelenekleri, sosyal deneyimleri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miraslar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda paha bi\u00e7ilmez bilgiler sunar. Bu ev rehberleri ve tarif koleksiyonlar\u0131, k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr siyahi insanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131na bir bak\u0131\u015f sunarak onlar\u0131n beceriklili\u011fini, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve direncini ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n\n

Robert Roberts\u2019\u0131n \u201cThe House Servant\u2019s Directory\u201d (1827)<\/h2>\n\n

Amerika’da bir siyahi taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan ilk kitap olan Robert Roberts\u2019\u0131n \u201cThe House Servant\u2019s Directory\u201d sadece bir yemek kitab\u0131 de\u011fildir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir evin nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilece\u011fi konusunda pratik tavsiyeler sunan bir ev rehberidir ve geni\u015f bir yelpazede yemek tarifleri i\u00e7erir. Roberts\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, genellikle efendileri ve aileleri i\u00e7in yemek pi\u015firme sorumlulu\u011funu \u00fcstlenen k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmi\u015f Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n mutfak becerilerini ve bilgilerini yans\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Tunis Gulic Campbell\u2019\u0131n \u201cHotel Keepers, Head Waiters and Housekeepers\u2019 Guide\u201d (1848)<\/h2>\n\n

Tunis Gulic Campbell\u2019\u0131n ev rehberi, antebellum d\u00f6neminden \u00f6nemli bir mutfak metnidir. Roberts\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131ndan daha geni\u015f bir tarif koleksiyonu i\u00e7erir ve birinci s\u0131n\u0131f restoranlar ve otel yemek salonlar\u0131nda sunulan mutfak hakk\u0131nda bilgiler verir. Campbell\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ayr\u0131ca, \u0131rklar aras\u0131 sosyal becerilerin, eme\u011fin onurunun ve i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda e\u011fitim ve profesyonel geli\u015fimin \u00f6nemini vurgular.<\/p>\n\n

Malinda Russell\u2019\u0131n \u201cDomestic Cook Book\u201d (1866)<\/h2>\n\n

Malinda Russell\u2019\u0131n yemek kitab\u0131, bir Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 kad\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en eski bilinen yemek kitab\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeniden ke\u015ffedilen bu kitap, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak tatl\u0131 tariflerinden olu\u015fur ve Russell\u2019\u0131n Tennessee\u2019de bir pastane i\u015fletme deneyimini yans\u0131t\u0131r. Onun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, erken d\u00f6nemdeki Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 yemek kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n sadece beyaz i\u015fverenlere sunulan mutfa\u011f\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sorgular, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan muhtemelen be\u011fenilen yemeklerin tariflerini de i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n

Abby Fisher\u2019\u0131n \u201cWhat Mrs. Fisher Knows About Old Southern Cooking\u201d (1881)<\/h2>\n\n

Abby Fisher\u2019\u0131n yemek kitab\u0131, mutfak klasiklerinden biri olarak kabul edilir ve Yeniden Yap\u0131lanma d\u00f6nemindeki Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n giri\u015fimci ruhunun bir kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Eski bir k\u00f6le olan Fisher, San Francisco\u2019da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f ve yemek kitab\u0131, geleneksel G\u00fcney yemeklerinin tariflerini sunarak \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 toplulu\u011funun mutfak geleneklerini sergiler.<\/p>\n\n

Mutfak Perspektifleri ve Etkileri<\/h2>\n\n

Siyahi yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan ilk yemek kitaplar\u0131, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 mutfa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendiren \u00e7e\u015fitli mutfak perspektiflerini ve etkilerini ortaya koyar. Baz\u0131 tarifler beyaz ailelerin mutfak geleneklerini yans\u0131t\u0131rken, di\u011ferleri Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n Amerikan mutfaklar\u0131na getirdi\u011fi benzersiz lezzetleri ve malzemeleri sergiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bamya, tatl\u0131 patates ve sorgum pekmezi kullan\u0131m\u0131, bu tariflerin bir\u00e7o\u011funda yayg\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerdir.<\/p>\n\n

Sosyal ve Ekonomik Fakt\u00f6rler<\/h2>\n\n

Yemek kitaplar\u0131, Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 mutfa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimini etkileyen sosyal ve ekonomik fakt\u00f6rleri de ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r. K\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmi\u015f Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131lar, genellikle taze malzemelere s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 eri\u015fime sahipti ve plantasyonda mevcut olanlara dayanmak zorundayd\u0131lar. \u00d6zg\u00fcr siyahi insanlar ise, farkl\u0131 mutfaklarla deneme yapma ve kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miraslar\u0131ndan malzemeler katma konusunda daha fazla f\u0131rsata sahipti.<\/p>\n\n

Miras ve Etki<\/h2>\n\n

Amerika’da siyahi insanlar taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan ilk yemek kitaplar\u0131, Amerikan mutfak tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fczerinde kal\u0131c\u0131 bir miras b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n mutfak becerileri, gelenekleri ve diren\u00e7lerinin de\u011ferli bir kayd\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f \u015fefler ve yemek tarih\u00e7ileri i\u00e7in ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olmaya devam ederler. Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 mutfa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenlerini ve evrimini anlayarak, Amerikan mutfak manzaras\u0131n\u0131n zenginli\u011fi ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi hakk\u0131nda daha derin bir takdir kazan\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Amerika’da Siyahiler Taraf\u0131ndan Yay\u0131nlanan \u0130lk Yemek Kitaplar\u0131: Tarih ve K\u00fclt\u00fcre Bir Pencere Tarih\u00ee \u00d6nemi Amerika’da siyahi yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan en eski yemek kitaplar\u0131, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Afrikal\u0131 Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n mutfak gelenekleri, sosyal…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[1080,2064,2063,621,1434,99,126,347],"class_list":["post-865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-food-and-drink","tag-african-american-history","tag-southern-cuisine","tag-historical-recipes","tag-culinary-history","tag-black-history","tag-lifescienceart","tag-cookbooks","tag-food-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=865"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/865\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":866,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/865\/revisions\/866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}