{"id":1030,"date":"2026-05-21T02:00:22","date_gmt":"2026-05-21T02:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1030"},"modified":"2026-05-21T02:00:22","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T02:00:22","slug":"human-dna-from-environment-ethical-concerns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/genetics\/human-dna-from-environment-ethical-concerns\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ea5y DNA ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u00e1t, n\u01b0\u1edbc: Quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00f2n?"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t DNA ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0<\/h2>\n\n

DNA m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n\n

DNA m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (eDNA) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u00e1t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n can thi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng eDNA v\u1edbi DNA ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n

eDNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea3i ra qua c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 da, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n vi th\u1ec3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin di truy\u1ec1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7, ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh tim. Ch\u00fang th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu th\u1eadp DNA ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng eDNA \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt do di truy\u1ec1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i ai \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch eDNA.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo d\u00f5i di truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, g\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. eDNA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng eDNA r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng eDNA. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn gi\u1eefa k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong khi v\u1eabn cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng eDNA cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n Yves Moreau cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n m\u00e0 n\u00ean tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a eDNA. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tinh t\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hy sinh quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch eDNA<\/h2>\n\n

D\u00f9 eDNA l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch eDNA di chuy\u1ec3n, ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u eDNA m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch eDNA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu th\u1eadp DNA ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o eDNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t DNA ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 DNA m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25438,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1628],"tags":[2401,497,1280,2366,2400,97,2368],"class_list":["post-1030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genetics","tag-environmental-dna","tag-technology","tag-ethics","tag-surveillance","tag-human-dna","tag-science","tag-privacy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1030","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1030"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1030\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25439,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1030\/revisions\/25439"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25438"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1030"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1030"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1030"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}