{"id":11241,"date":"2023-04-16T15:04:40","date_gmt":"2023-04-16T15:04:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11241"},"modified":"2023-04-16T15:04:40","modified_gmt":"2023-04-16T15:04:40","slug":"anthrax-and-the-germ-theory-of-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/biology\/anthrax-and-the-germ-theory-of-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ec7nh than v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft vi tr\u00f9ng: Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Louis Pasteur"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ec7nh than v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft vi tr\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n

Thuy\u1ebft t\u1ef1 sinh<\/h2>\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft t\u1ef1 sinh, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n

Thuy\u1ebft vi tr\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft t\u1ef1 sinh. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y ra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y sang v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Louis Pasteur.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh than c\u1ee7a Pasteur<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1877, Pasteur t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh than, m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong \u0111ang t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0n gia s\u00fac \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh than l\u00e0 do vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y ra v\u00e0 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

Pasteur \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu m\u00e1u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh than v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. \u00d4ng quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn vi khu\u1ea9n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ti\u00eam vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ch\u00fang m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh than. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng vi khu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh than.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eafc-xin b\u1ec7nh than<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh than c\u1ee7a Pasteur \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eafc-xin b\u1ec7nh than \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. N\u0103m 1881, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u1eebu b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh than \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu. Nh\u1eefng con c\u1eebu \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh than v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y khi sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft vi tr\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Pasteur v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh than v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft vi tr\u00f9ng. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eafc-xin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ec7nh than ng\u00e0y nay<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ec7nh than v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ng\u00e0y nay. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eafc-xin v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. B\u1ec7nh than c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh v\u00e0 v\u1eafc-xin c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Louis Pasteur<\/h2>\n\n

Louis Pasteur \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh than v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft vi tr\u00f9ng, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Pasteur \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ec7nh than v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft vi tr\u00f9ng Thuy\u1ebft t\u1ef1 sinh Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft t\u1ef1 sinh, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[15217,15219,15216,15220,15218,2862,1439],"class_list":["post-11241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-disease","tag-louis-pasteur","tag-anthrax","tag-spontaneous-generation","tag-germ-theory","tag-vaccine","tag-bacteria"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11241"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11242,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11241\/revisions\/11242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}