{"id":11266,"date":"2024-07-16T22:18:42","date_gmt":"2024-05-13T20:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11266"},"modified":"2024-07-16T22:18:42","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T22:18:42","slug":"fate-of-the-dunbar-martyrs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/fate-of-the-dunbar-martyrs\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Scotland sau tr\u1eadn Dunbar"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Scotland sau tr\u1eadn Dunbar<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t<\/h2>\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng tu m\u1ed9t cung \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn \u1edf Durham, Anh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Scotland b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Oliver Cromwell b\u1eaft gi\u1eef sau tr\u1eadn Dunbar. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o Dunbar”, \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda trong s\u1ed1 3.000 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong khi b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m trong l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Tr\u1eadn Dunbar l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn then ch\u1ed1t trong N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Anh, di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1650. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Scotland do T\u01b0\u1edbng David Leslie ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n Anh c\u1ee7a Cromwell \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Scotland.<\/p>\n\n

Nan \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Scotland \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tin r\u1eb1ng n\u00ean gi\u1eef ch\u00fang \u1edf Durham, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n

L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Scotland<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t t\u1ea1i Scotland l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Anh l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Scotland c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hy sinh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n

L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Durham<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t \u1edf Durham l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed1t \u1edf Durham, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n

Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

Sau khi xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Durham \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1i ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a trang \u1edf Durham. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

Tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n

Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Scotland. H\u1ecd l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111en t\u1ed1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1edf cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Tr\u1eadn Dunbar v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Scotland l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra<\/h2>\n\n

Sau khi t\u00e1i ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadn Dunbar v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Scotland.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Scotland sau tr\u1eadn Dunbar Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng tu m\u1ed9t cung \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn \u1edf Durham, Anh v\u00e0o…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23890,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[15246,88,993,15245],"class_list":["post-11266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-historical-dilemma","tag-archaeology","tag-scottish-history","tag-battle-of-dunbar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11266","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11266"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11266\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11267,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11266\/revisions\/11267"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23890"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11266"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11266"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11266"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}