Ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1963, m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh bom kinh ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m rung chuy\u1ec3n Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Baptist Sixteenth Street \u1edf Birmingham, Alabama. V\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n c\u00f4 g\u00e1i tr\u1ebb: Cynthia Morris Wesley, Denise McNair, Carole Robertson v\u00e0 Addie Mae Collins. C\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u00e0n h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ebfu nhi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vai tr\u00f2 ti\u1ebfp vi\u00ean khi qu\u1ea3 bom ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n
V\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 bay kh\u1eafp khu ph\u1ed1. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1edd r\u01a1i nhu\u1ed1m m\u00e1u n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n
C\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 11 \u0111\u1ebfn 14. Cynthia Wesley \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ca h\u00e1t. Denise McNair l\u00e0 em h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1. Carole Robertson l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 m\u1edbi mua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc v\u00f2ng c\u1ed5 m\u1edbi cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Addie Mae Collins l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i tr\u1ea7m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t xinh \u0111\u1eb9p trong chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y ti\u1ebfp vi\u00ean m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n
V\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh bom \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Martin Luther King Jr. \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Birmingham v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u00e1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “t\u1ed9i \u00e1c gh\u00ea t\u1edfm ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi”. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng John F. Kennedy \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1ee5 FBI \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh bom v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb g\u00e2y ra v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c ra c\u00f4ng l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n
Cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n do thi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng khi ra l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo th\u1eddi gian, ba nghi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh bom.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh bom l\u00e0 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 k\u00ednh m\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5. C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ, nh\u01b0ng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ed5i bay. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n
V\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh bom Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Birmingham v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. V\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh bom ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Baptist Sixteenth Street l\u00e0 Di t\u00edch L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng tu v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i th\u1edd c\u00fang v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t Vi\u1ec7n Quy\u1ec1n C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Birmingham, n\u01a1i k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh bom v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf Birmingham. Vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh bom Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Birmingham: L\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m Ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1963, m\u1ed9t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[64,902,527,27,1080,4037,15335],"class_list":["post-11330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-equality","tag-racism","tag-social-justice","tag-history","tag-african-american-history","tag-civil-rights-movement","tag-birmingham-church-bombing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11330"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11330\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11331,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11330\/revisions\/11331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}