{"id":11397,"date":"2020-08-20T06:29:01","date_gmt":"2020-08-20T06:29:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11397"},"modified":"2020-08-20T06:29:01","modified_gmt":"2020-08-20T06:29:01","slug":"hierarchy-of-fear-in-the-savanna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/zoology\/hierarchy-of-fear-in-the-savanna\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i: Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i<\/h2>\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf<\/h2>\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m. \u1ede c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Nam Phi, m\u1ed9t “h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i” r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i gu\u1ed1c ch\u1eb5n (\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u00f3ng gu\u1ed1c) lang thang tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf l\u00e0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed, ch\u00fang th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng g\u1ea7m d\u1eef t\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con m\u1ed3i r\u00f9ng m\u00ecnh, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n. Ch\u00f3 hoang ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 b\u00e1o g\u00eapa b\u00e1m s\u00e1t ph\u00eda sau, c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i: M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n<\/h2>\n\n

C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i gu\u1ed1c ch\u1eb5n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111en, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb s\u0103n b\u1eaft trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf, s\u1ebd b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y khi nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng g\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o g\u00eapa.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con m\u1ed3i. N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ki\u1ebfm \u0103n, s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i gu\u1ed1c ch\u1eb5n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i gu\u1ed1c ch\u1eb5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i gu\u1ed1c ch\u1eb5n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Kruger r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 t\u1eed, b\u00e1o g\u00eapa v\u00e0 ch\u00f3 hoang ch\u00e2u Phi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng chim k\u00eau (m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111e d\u1ecda).<\/p>\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng camera c\u00f3 g\u1eafn loa, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c v\u0169ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t. Khi m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t loa ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i gu\u1ed1c ch\u1eb5n. S\u01b0 t\u1eed g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ch\u00f3 hoang ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e1o g\u00eapa. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i gu\u1ed1c ch\u1eb5n b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft b\u1edfi m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i s\u0103n m\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n

Linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111en, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ebfm khi b\u1ecb s\u01b0 t\u1eed s\u0103n m\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con m\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ee3n b\u01b0\u1edbu, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i gu\u1ed1c ch\u1eb5n kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1edf th\u00edch trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i s\u0103n m\u1ed3i kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3 hoang v\u00e0 b\u00e1o g\u00eapa.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con m\u1ed3i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 chia c\u1eaft m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt s\u0103n m\u1ed3i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt-con m\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 con m\u1ed3i<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ebft con m\u1ed3i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Kenya \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb b\u00e1o hoa mai v\u00e0 ch\u00f3 hoang s\u0103n m\u1ed3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111en, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt s\u0103n m\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con m\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng do n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i mong manh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf Khi c\u00e1c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[401,254,309,15431,15433,219,15432],"class_list":["post-11397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-conservation","tag-wildlife","tag-animal-behavior","tag-fear-response","tag-savanna-ecosystem","tag-ecology","tag-predator-prey-interactions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11397"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11397\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11398,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11397\/revisions\/11398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}