{"id":11459,"date":"2021-11-23T06:28:24","date_gmt":"2021-11-23T06:28:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11459"},"modified":"2021-11-23T06:28:24","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T06:28:24","slug":"symbiotic-relationship-joshua-tree-yucca-moth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/ecology\/symbiotic-relationship-joshua-tree-yucca-moth\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng sinh gi\u1eefa c\u00e2y Joshua v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam Yucca"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng sinh gi\u1eefa c\u00e2y Joshua v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam Yucca<\/h2>\n\n

Quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e2y Joshua, m\u1ed9t c\u01b0 d\u00e2n mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Sa m\u1ea1c Mojave, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam Yucca \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a qua h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt hoa \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat lo\u00e0i th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n, c\u00e2y Joshua ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam Yucca \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea5n hoa gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00f4ng hoa c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn mi\u1ec7ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea5n hoa v\u00e0 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u00f4ng hoa, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i, lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a hoa. Khi tr\u1ee9ng n\u1edf, s\u00e2u b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam Yucca \u0103n h\u1ea1t, ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3 hai lo\u00e0i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sa m\u1ea1c kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00f3 hai lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y Joshua ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia c\u1eaft b\u1edfi Sa m\u1ea1c Amargosa. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam Yucca c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e2y Joshua ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n b\u1edfi lo\u00e0i Tegeticula antithetica c\u00f3 th\u00e2n ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, trong khi c\u00e2y Joshua ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n b\u1edfi lo\u00e0i Tegeticula synthetica c\u00f3 th\u00e2n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i hoa c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y Joshua.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ee5y v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u nh\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a hoa, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e2y Joshua \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng gian cho tr\u1ee9ng b\u00ean trong hoa c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u00e2y Joshua v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam Yucca, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai lo\u00e0i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 gen, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gen ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i hoa, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa hai lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam Yucca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 h\u01a1n trong b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y Joshua.<\/p>\n\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y Joshua. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a gi\u1ea3m, c\u00e2y non c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y Joshua kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng Sa m\u1ea1c Mojave c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t t\u1edbi 90% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y Joshua v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n cho c\u00e2y n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y Joshua r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Sa m\u1ea1c Mojave. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t, c\u00e2y Joshua cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n v\u00e0 chim.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e2y Joshua v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam Yucca \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00e2y Joshua s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

Di c\u01b0 c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e2y Joshua \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e1t h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng sinh tinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e2y v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam Yucca.<\/p>\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e2y Joshua v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam Yucca, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e2y Joshua c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u1edf Sa m\u1ea1c Mojave. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh c\u00f3 gai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m phim v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 du kh\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y Joshua kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i c\u1ea3nh quan mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Sa m\u1ea1c Mojave. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng sinh gi\u1eefa c\u00e2y Joshua v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam Yucca kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng sinh gi\u1eefa c\u00e2y Joshua v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbm \u0111\u00eam Yucca Quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a C\u00e2y Joshua, m\u1ed9t c\u01b0 d\u00e2n mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Sa…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[590],"tags":[15509,9521,8558,395,15511,2978,15510],"class_list":["post-11459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecology","tag-yucca-moth","tag-joshua-tree","tag-symbiosis","tag-biodiversity","tag-mojave-desert","tag-pollination","tag-co-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11459"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11460,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11459\/revisions\/11460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}