{"id":11534,"date":"2022-03-11T13:47:52","date_gmt":"2022-03-11T13:47:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11534"},"modified":"2022-03-11T13:47:52","modified_gmt":"2022-03-11T13:47:52","slug":"company-towns-good-bad-ugly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/company-towns-good-bad-ugly\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u1ec7"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u1ec7<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng do c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean kh\u1eafp Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 d\u1ec7t may, than v\u00e0 th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t: Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng y\u00ean b\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty, nh\u01b0 Hershey, Pennsylvania v\u00e0 Corning, New York, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Hershey cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n nghi, c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Corning \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 \u1edf, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng th\u1ee7y tinh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u: Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n khai th\u00e1c than, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf Kentucky v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Virginia, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 y\u00ean b\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 t\u1ed3i t\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn thay v\u00ec ti\u1ec1n th\u1eadt v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i mua h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 cao t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i: Tranh ch\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. N\u0103m 1894, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng \u1edf Pullman, Illinois, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ng\u00e0y Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n\n

Lowell, Massachusetts: C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

Lowell, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1ebb ch\u01b0a l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y nay, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c gia Lowell \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n

Hershey, Pennsylvania: Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la<\/h2>\n\n

Milton Hershey \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Hershey v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1903 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu. \u00d4ng cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n nghi, c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, Hershey v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch \u0111ang b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n

Pullman, Illinois: M\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft<\/h2>\n\n

Pullman \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c George Pullman x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1880 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i \u1edf cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t toa xe l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft theo ranh gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng da \u0111en ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. N\u0103m 1894, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng \u1edf Pullman \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n

Lynch, Kentucky: S\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n khai th\u00e1c than<\/h2>\n\n

Lynch, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n khai th\u00e1c than nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp, gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. M\u1ecf than c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Tour du l\u1ecbch M\u1ecf ng\u1ea7m Portal 31 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khai th\u00e1c than c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n

Corning, New York: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Mecca c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y tinh<\/h2>\n\n

Corning l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Corning Glass Works th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n thu ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. C\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Th\u1ee7y tinh Corning, hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ee7y tinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Hoa K\u1ef3. Trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i. Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, trong khi nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ty l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng do c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[15604,15603,15605,823,15602],"class_list":["post-11534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-labor-relations","tag-industrial-history","tag-social-welfare","tag-urban-planning","tag-company-towns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11534"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11535,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11534\/revisions\/11535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}