{"id":11565,"date":"2024-10-16T19:33:20","date_gmt":"2024-10-16T19:33:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11565"},"modified":"2024-10-16T19:33:20","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T19:33:20","slug":"evolution-of-bird-wrists-a-tale-of-reversibility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/natural-history\/evolution-of-bird-wrists-a-tale-of-reversibility\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 tay \u1edf lo\u00e0i chim: C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 tay \u1edf lo\u00e0i chim: C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h2>\n\n

X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

Trong c\u1ed5 tay c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n l\u00f4ng v\u0169 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u1ee7ng long \u0111i lang thang tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u1ed5 tay kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt hai ch\u00e2n, c\u1ed5 tay c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean thanh m\u1ea3nh h\u01a1n, m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, bao g\u1ed3m x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i chim<\/h2>\n\n

Khi nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long \u0103n th\u1ecbt v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, c\u00e1c chi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. C\u1ed5 tay tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n, cho ph\u00e9p x\u1ebfp c\u00e1nh v\u00e0o th\u00e2n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00f9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1nh. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1edbi, x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0110\u5b9a lu\u1eadt Dollo<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u5b9a lu\u1eadt Dollo, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i thai<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Trong ph\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, bao g\u1ed3m g\u00e0, b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u v\u00e0 v\u1eb9t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong m\u00e3 di truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Dollo c\u0169ng b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i ve \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sau h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u1ebfch c\u00e2y \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t r\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m sau.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi. X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee5t, m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf \u1edf g\u1ed1c c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111u\u00f4i. Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u0111u\u00f4i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n

Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u1ed5 tay c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i chim v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng di truy\u1ec1n cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 tay \u1edf lo\u00e0i chim: C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t Trong c\u1ed5 tay c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n l\u00f4ng v\u0169 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24627,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[3022,137,188,584,15642,740,1647,136],"class_list":["post-11565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-natural-history","tag-anatomy","tag-paleontology","tag-genetics","tag-ornithology","tag-dollos-law","tag-biology","tag-adaptation","tag-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11565"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11565\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24628,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11565\/revisions\/24628"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}