{"id":11569,"date":"2024-08-10T06:01:26","date_gmt":"2024-08-10T06:01:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11569"},"modified":"2024-08-10T06:01:26","modified_gmt":"2024-08-10T06:01:26","slug":"the-march-on-washington-a-landmark-event-in-the-civil-rights-movement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/history\/the-march-on-washington-a-landmark-event-in-the-civil-rights-movement\/","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi Washington: L\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi Washington: M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong Phong tr\u00e0o D\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n\n

Gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed lan r\u1ed9ng, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi Washington \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi. A. Philip Randolph, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh dung ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi. N\u0103m 1963, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o mi\u1ec1n Nam (SCLC) v\u00e0 \u1ee6y ban Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p Sinh vi\u00ean B\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng (SNCC), gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Randolph \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Bayard Rustin<\/h2>\n\n

Bayard Rustin, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u1ec1 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Rustin \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 an ninh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh: M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1963, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 250.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i National Mall \u1edf Washington, D.C. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh mang theo bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u00f4 vang c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00f2i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u “T\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1” c\u1ee7a Martin Luther King Jr.<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “T\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1” c\u1ee7a Martin Luther King Jr. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb b\u1eadc th\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Lincoln, b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a King l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 con c\u00e1i \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1edfi m\u00e0u da m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi Washington l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c bu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n n\u0103m 1964, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/h2>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi Washington v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi Washington \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi Washington l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi Washington: M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong Phong tr\u00e0o D\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh Gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":24020,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[767],"tags":[8749,6803,6026,4037,3244],"class_list":["post-11569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","tag-nonviolence","tag-racial-equality","tag-martin-luther-king-jr","tag-civil-rights-movement","tag-social-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11569"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11569\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11570,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11569\/revisions\/11570"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24020"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}