{"id":11668,"date":"2020-11-01T22:09:06","date_gmt":"2020-11-01T22:09:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11668"},"modified":"2020-11-01T22:09:06","modified_gmt":"2020-11-01T22:09:06","slug":"liberia-founding-document-rediscovered","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/liberia-founding-document-rediscovered\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Liberia: B\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e9 l\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Liberia: B\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e9 l\u1ed9<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1821, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 do Eli Ayres v\u00e0 Robert F. Stockton l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u00ean thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Liberia, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n an to\u00e0n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do. B\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c g\u1ea7n 200 n\u0103m, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Liberia.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc C. Patrick Burrowes \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch n\u00e0y. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, \u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a Hoa K\u1ef3, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9ng sau d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Liberia.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021, Burrowes \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Chicago. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea3 m\u00e0u n\u1eb7ng, b\u00ean trong ch\u1ee9a b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n Liberia g\u1ed1c. Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tay tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ee7a Ayres, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Liberia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00e2u Phi, qua \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Liberia nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c k\u00fd k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ea1n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n Liberia \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ea1n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb n\u1ea1n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y do d\u1ef1 khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 xuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00e0 coi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng minh ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u1ea1n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi di c\u01b0<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Liberia \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tia hy v\u1ecdng m\u1edbi cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u00e3 di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn Liberia, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n Liberia, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Ch\u00e2u Phi khi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u00e0y b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t do nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Liberia g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Ch\u00e2u Phi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i qu\u00fd b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n Liberia nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Liberia: B\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 B\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c N\u0103m 1821, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 do Eli Ayres…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[15762,15761,15759,1080,2043,15760],"class_list":["post-11668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-trans-atlantic-slave-trade","tag-american-colonization-society","tag-liberia","tag-african-american-history","tag-historical-discovery","tag-founding-document"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11668","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11668"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11668\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11669,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11668\/revisions\/11669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11668"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}