{"id":11791,"date":"2023-09-02T03:37:40","date_gmt":"2023-09-02T03:37:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11791"},"modified":"2023-09-02T03:37:40","modified_gmt":"2023-09-02T03:37:40","slug":"yellowstone-national-park-native-land-rights-conservation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/history\/yellowstone-national-park-native-land-rights-conservation\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Yellowstone: Di s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Yellowstone: Di s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Yellowstone<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1872, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Yellowstone n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 tranh v\u1ebd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota.<\/p>\n\n

Sitting Bull v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota<\/h2>\n\n

Sitting Bull, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh Lakota l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Yellowstone. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1860, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 da tr\u1eafng, th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft. Sitting Bull l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u0103n b\u1eafn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Yellowstone n\u0103m 1872 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Yellowstone n\u0103m 1872, \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Yellowstone, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda cho ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang.<\/p>\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Yellowstone<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Yellowstone. Ferdinand Hayden, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota c\u0169ng l\u00e0m tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc qua l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00eda B\u1eafc g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u0103n b\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00e2u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Lakota \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, nh\u1eadn ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt chia t\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1871, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m l\u1eadp c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i di d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt chia t\u00e1ch n\u0103m 1887 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 b\u00e1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 da tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh Lakota v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng. Sitting Bull \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecd gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u01b0\u1edbng George Armstrong Custer trong tr\u1eadn Little Bighorn n\u0103m 1876. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, bu\u1ed9c Sitting Bull v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y sang Canada.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Yellowstone l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hoang d\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua 11.000 n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh di s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Yellowstone \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Yellowstone \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 n\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Yellowstone v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 150 n\u0103m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Yellowstone v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Yellowstone: Di s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia Yellowstone \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[767],"tags":[401,250,4682,15942,251,247,2800,15940,15941],"class_list":["post-11791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-conservation","tag-national-parks","tag-yellowstone-national-park","tag-lakota-people","tag-native-american-history","tag-environmental-history","tag-american-west","tag-indigenous-land-rights","tag-sitting-bull"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11791"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11791\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11792,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11791\/revisions\/11792"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}