{"id":12124,"date":"2022-11-07T05:00:30","date_gmt":"2022-11-07T05:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12124"},"modified":"2022-11-07T05:00:30","modified_gmt":"2022-11-07T05:00:30","slug":"repatriation-of-native-american-cultural-heritage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/repatriation-of-native-american-cultural-heritage\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 Hoa K\u1ef3: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a NAGPRA"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Hoa K\u1ef3<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt linh thi\u00eang c\u00f9ng h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp kh\u1ecfi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, song qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t v\u1ec1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. <\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt NAGPRA v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n da \u0111\u1ecf Hoa K\u1ef3<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989 v\u00e0 1990, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n da \u0111\u1ecf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n da \u0111\u1ecf Hoa K\u1ef3 (NAGPRA). Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb li\u00ean bang ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea, k\u00ea khai v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n da \u0111\u1ecf Hoa K\u1ef3 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean bang c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n da \u0111\u1ecf Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi nh\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp T\u00e2y b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt linh thi\u00eang v\u00e0 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 v\u00e0 m\u0169 mi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 mang trong m\u00ecnh linh h\u1ed3n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i<\/h2>\n\n

D\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt NAGPRA \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e0 l\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a li\u00ean bang v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, NAGPRA y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t, ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c gi\u00e0 l\u00e0ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ecd n\u1eafm gi\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt c\u00f9ng h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra<\/h2>\n\n

D\u00f9 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng NAGPRA \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n

Quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 M\u1ef9<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 M\u1ef9. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt linh thi\u00eang v\u00e0 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i nh\u1eb1m ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 M\u1ef9.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Hoa K\u1ef3 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[346,16394,40,4704,16393,1480,16392],"class_list":["post-12124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-cultural-identity","tag-national-museum-of-the-american-indian","tag-native-american-heritage","tag-repatriation","tag-nagpra","tag-human-remains","tag-sacred-objects"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12124"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12125,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12124\/revisions\/12125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}