{"id":12135,"date":"2022-06-14T06:23:14","date_gmt":"2022-06-14T06:23:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12135"},"modified":"2022-06-14T06:23:14","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T06:23:14","slug":"the-smithsonian-tiger-a-history-of-man-eating-and-conservation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/zoology\/the-smithsonian-tiger-a-history-of-man-eating-and-conservation\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ed5 \u0102n th\u1ecbt Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ho\u00e0ng gia Bengal c\u1ee7a Smithsonian: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ed5 Bengal ho\u00e0ng gia c\u1ee7a Smithsonian: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n

Con h\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y<\/h2>\n\n

T\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c gia Smithsonian, m\u1ed9t con h\u1ed5 Bengal ho\u00e0ng gia uy nghi\u00eam \u0111ang nh\u1ea3y gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng trung, v\u1edbi “s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3” c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng gi\u1eefa c\u00fa nh\u1ea3y. Con qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt d\u00e0i 11 foot n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb th\u1ee3 s\u0103n th\u00fa l\u1edbn David Hasinger gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng con h\u1ed5 \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi: M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1ee3 s\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Jim Corbett tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi ch\u00fang b\u1ecb c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Con h\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Smithsonian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u00e0y, v\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebb s\u0103n m\u1ed3i n\u1eb7ng 857 pound n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3i khi Hasinger ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebb \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Champawat<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Corbett khi s\u0103n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t con h\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Champawat, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft 436 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Corbett l\u1ea7n theo d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1eafn ch\u1ebft n\u00f3. Corbett tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc r\u0103ng b\u1ecb g\u00e3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con m\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Smithsonian<\/h2>\n\n

Sau khi Hasinger t\u1eb7ng con h\u1ed5 \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho Smithsonian v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1969, ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con h\u01b0\u01a1u \u0111\u1ed1m ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 hung d\u1eef c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf con h\u01b0\u01a1u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1976.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed5 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 h\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy gi\u1ea3m. S\u0103n b\u1eafn qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, m\u1ea5t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n s\u0103n tr\u1ed9m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y da v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 con h\u1ed5 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb 100.000 con v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n

Xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ed5: M\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng coi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 con m\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c, h\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i s\u0103n m\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n Sundarbans tr\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9-Bangladesh.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed5 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch H\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ed5 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda. Qu\u1ef9 C\u1ee9u h\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Exxon v\u00e0 Qu\u1ef9 \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt Hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 C\u00e1 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1ed5<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa h\u1ed5 hoang d\u00e3 \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta. Khu tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y h\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Smithsonian, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1u \u0111\u1ed1m, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ed5, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ed5 Bengal ho\u00e0ng gia c\u1ee7a Smithsonian: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Con h\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y T\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c gia Smithsonian, m\u1ed9t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[16403,401,254,16402,5932],"class_list":["post-12135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-man-eating","tag-conservation","tag-wildlife","tag-tiger","tag-smithsonian"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12135"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12136,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12135\/revisions\/12136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}